GLAVNOYE RAZVEDYVATELNOYE UPRAVLENIE.



GRU, en historia.

As the new Russia was borne in 1992, GRU came to play a crucial role in the reconstruction of the armed forces of the new federal Russia. The new Russia underwent changes throughout the entire society, virtually no government organisations escaped unaltered. But never the less 1992 it became clear that the GRU was to continue as the “Eyes and Ears” of the new armed forces that emerged. In every branch of the armed forces the GRU is represented and the organisation is highly functional. A great reduction in personal did not hamper the effectiveness thanks to great technical improvement and modernisation programs. Although there have been virtually no structural changes off significance to the GRU in general since the Soviet era, the GRU today is a modern and vital branch of the federal Russian armed forces. It is reported that founds allocated to the GRU are significantly higher than for its civilian counterpart SVR that handles the information gathering outside Russia’s borders. The GRU of today resides supreme from its headquarters in Khodynka and is unhampered and untouched by many of the problems that came to plague so many of the other branches of the Russian defence.

Uppdraget och GRUs juristdiktion
GRU is directed to work against any potentional international enemy of the Russian federations. The GRU is tasked to operate in peace time as well as in war to prepare for and counteract any military aggression against the Russian federation. It stands under the direct authority of the High Commanders staff. The laws that regulates GRU´s are stipulated by the acts on "Foregin intelligence", "Military-political" and "Military-economical". Never the less they are also tasked to gather intel of stratecical ecological caracter. The GRU´s mission and juristiction did at first prohibit it from from operating within the Federations borders. This task was left to the various Military disticts own commands even thou they in turn fell under direct command of the GRU. The GRU came to play a completly new role in the Tchechnyan coflict. GRU gatherd and processed intel directly for the Federal Russian forces. This was however not possible until the ministry of defece pleaded directly to the president. The president gave his aproval and the neccesary legal changes were made directly.

Find the way. Map 1 , Map 2
Akvarium

Organisation och uppdelning inom GRU

The GRU, which is subordinate to the General Staff, is organized into Directorates, Directions, and Sections, which are responsible for the proccurement and processing of intelligence, as well as for supporting activities.

The 1:st Directorate: (agent intelligence) consisted, in the mid-1980's, of five Directions, each of which was responsible for collection in European countries. Each Direction included a separate Section covering an individual country.

The 2:nd Directorate: (Front intelligence) includes a number of directions responsible for operational intelligence collection and dissemination in the Western Hemisphere.

1. First Direction controls tactical level reconnaissance.
2. Second Direction manages agent recruitment and the development of agent networks in or adjacent to areas of wartime responsibility.
3. Third Direction is responsible for spetsnaz operations within target countries.
4. Fourth [Information] Direction is responsible for intelligence collection management and analysis.
5. Fifth Direction is responsible for signals (SIGINT) and electronic [ELINT].
6. Sixth Direction special purpose [osnazovtsi] signals troops are responsible for special signals
7. Seventh Direction is responsible for ciphers and communications security.

The 3:rd Directorate: Includes a number of Directions responsible for operational intelligence collection and dissemination in Asia.

The 4:th Directorate: Includes a number of Directions responsible for operational intelligence collection and dissemination in Africa and the Middle East.

The 5:th Directorate: Manages operational intelligence, and intelligence organizations within fronts, fleets, and military districts. In the army, all of the chiefs of the military district intelligence fall under the command of the Fifth Directorate head. And fleet intelligence officers (Naval Staff Second Directorate Chiefs) are under the control of naval intelligence, which in turn falls under the Fifth Directorate of the GRU.

The 6:th Directorate: Is responsible for electronic intelligence. This includes clandestine collection from embassies in foreign states, as well as Electronic Intelligence Regiments which are directly subordinated to the Sixth Directorate, which also controls the activities of electronic intelligence assets which are organic to land, sea and air combatant forces.

• Northern Fleet Intelligence Directorate
• Pacific Fleet Intelligence Directorate
• Black Sea Fleet Intelligence Directorate
• Baltic Fleet Intelligence Directorate
• Fleet Cosmic Intelligence Directorate, responsible for space-based ocean surveillance

The Chief of Information, a Colonel General, is responsible for the Information Service, responsible for intelligence processing.

• The Information Command Post tasks and receives agent reports, technical collection data from overhead systems, as well as from other GRU sources.
• The Institute of Information studies open source materials.

The 7:th Directorate: is responsible for all aspects of NATO, and includes six Directions covering specific topical areas.

The 8:th Directorate: Conducts studies of individual countries, both in the NATO region and around the world.

The 9:th Directorate: Conducts studies of foreign military technology, in close coordination with the domestic armaments industry. It is concerned with both copying and countering potential adversary weapons systems, and engages in foreign materiel acquisition and exploitation.

The 10:th Directorate: Covers military economics, including foreign military production and sales, as well as economic security related issues.

The 11:th Directorate: Is focused on strategic nuclear questions, including assessments of the readiness and alert levels of potential adversaries, as well as support to arms control negotiations.

The 12:th Directorate: The scope of activities of the Twelfth Directorate remain obscure.

The GRU has several departments for issues like administration, internal communications and a department for technical invetions and special equipment. There is even a special branch for forgery and identification duplication.

Spetsnaz

The staff of each military district, group of forces and fleet also includes an intelligence directorate [Razvedyvatelnoye Upravlenie RU], which is subordinated to the GRU. In turn, lower echelons, such as an Army or Flotilla are also supported by an Intelligence Department [RO]. Within ground forces armies, each division includes a reconnaissance battalion, which includes scout and electronic intelligence elements.

The GRU does not have any special-purpose large units, units, or subunits that are directly under the jurisdiction of the GRU. They are all part of the military districts and the fleets, and in operational terms are subordinate to the relevant commanders.

During the Soviet period, the basic operational spetsnaz unit was the brigada or brigade. Virtually every military district (MD) was assigned one spetsnaz brigade of 900 to 2,000 spetsnazovtsi. Each brigada includes a brigade headquarters, a signal battalion, support units and battalions (otriadi) of variable composition, ranging from fewer than 200 to over 200 soldiers.

Gru´s special operation groups (Spetsnaz) operate today in vertialy all types of conflicts in a traditional special forces role. As of mid-1992, GRU special-operations groups remained trained to operate in 3-7 man groups for intelligence-gathering and directaction missions in enemy rear areas. They likely are assigned missions in interethnic conflict areas, as well. Their prominent role in the new Russian mobile force components now being planned (comprising largely airborne, naval infantry, air assault and transport aviation) seems assured.

Source: Aleksey Scherbakov and Viktor Suvurov