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Digital Cameras
For Aquarium Photography

Updated March 13, 2004
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  • What makes one digital camera better than an other for aquarium photography?
  • What specific models on the market do I recommend?
In an attempt to answer these two questions, I will start by pointing out some of the limitations and drawbacks that most digital cameras suffer from. By weeding out the hundreds of digital camera models with too many and too severe drawbacks, we are left with a more manageable number of suitable cameras. After that I will mention "bonus" features that I find useful. Towards the bottom of this document there are two lists of digital cameras. One list shows current models and the other shows old models that I believe give a fair value for money. In the very end of the document I reveal my personal favorite models.

For taking small snapshot pictures for the web, of large slow (or not moving) fish in brightly illuminated aquariums, almost any digital camera with more than one MegaPixels (1 MP) is good enough to do a fair job. In the hands of a skilled digital photographer even a mediocre 1 MP digital camera can produce some good photos in normal conditions. However, this article is about digital cameras that are well suited for advanced aquarium photography. These are the type of cameras that can make it fun and fairly easy, even for an amature photographer, to get plenty of good results and makes it possible for a skilled (or lucky) photographer to get excellent results even in tricky conditions.

Common drawbacks that I've found with most old or "normal" digital cameras are:
  • Missing or very limited manual control of focus, aperture, shutterspeed, ISO, white balance etc.
  • Long shutter lag time. (The time from when you press the shutter button until the picture is taken.)
  • Slow and inaccurate autofocus, especially evident in lowlight situations and when trying to focus on dark or low contrast subjects. Red or blue subjects are also often problematic.
  • Lack of external flash connection.
  • Low buffer memory size.
  • Slow shot to shot time.
  • Lousy macro close-up distance. (Especially evident when taking pictures of very small fish.)
  • Lack of optical zoom.
  • Slow lens. (Lowest possible f-number is relatively high.)
  • The LCD-monitor becomes too dark and noisy in low light situations.
  • Low resolution. (Below 2 MegaPixels.)
  • Low picture quality. (Inaccurate colors, color noise, grain noise, jaggies, blooming, low dynamic range etc.)
  • High amounts of chromatic aberrations.
  • High batterypower consumption.
  • Annoying firmware.
  • Annoying camera design.

Good bonus features and properties:
  • Resonable price.
  • Both RAW and JPG file formats.
  • CompactFlash storage media.
  • Through The Lens Optical View Finder.
  • Low weight.
  • Image stabilized lens.
  • Very fast lens.
  • Continious shooting mode.
  • Fast shutterspeed. (Faster than 1/1000 sec.)
  • Physically large image sensor.
  • Very fast and accurate autofocus in lowlight situations.
  • Several autofocus areas. (Good for making artistic compositions.)
  • Capable of taking very high ISO pictures with low noise.
  • Swivel lens, tiltable LCD, articulating LCD etc. (If it is also capable of 180 degrees rotation it's even more useful.)
  • Interchangeable lens. (This is good for quality, but expensive.)
  • Availability to add well suited high quality converters. (If the lens is not interchangeable.)
  • Extra ordinary high picture quality. (Very accurate colors, low color noise, low grain noise, no jaggies, no blooming, high dynamic range etc.)
  • Non detectable, or extremely low amounts of chromatic aberrations.
  • Full feature remote control.
  • Very high resolution.
  • Easy to use manual focus.
  • Very long battery life.
  • Ability to use TTL flash, but also abilty to turn this feature off.

Most digital cameras that are well suited for aquarium photography are much more expensive than my Casio QV-2800UX. The accessories for these other cameras might, in some cases, also be more expensive, but in some cases also higher quality. The more expensive models are usually capable of producing much higher quality images than my Casio QV-2800UX. The prices are dropping fast on digital cameras and new improved models are also released continuously. Some cameras might have useful special features or properties that I lack on my camera, but they usually also lack some of the special features that I do have.

Cameras with a Through The Lens Optical View Finder have a similarity to good analogue (film) cameras, but the price is also higher than other digital cameras, from medium price up to very expensive professional cameras.

One issue that I didn't think of, until I had actually held and tested several cameras in shops, was that many cameras are constructed for people with small or average sized hands. I personally have relatively large hands. (I wear XL or XXL gloves.) Some cameras that according to the specifications and user reputation seem very good, are in my personal opinion terrible to operate with big hands. Some cameras don't allow proper holding and operation with large hands. If you have big hands I suggest looking closely on the design of the camera and try holding the camera you are considering (or at least a camera with similar design) before buying one.

February 11, 2002 Foveon announced a new type of color image sensor for digital cameras. The X3 sensor captures light in three layers. All other types of image sensors on the market only catch light in one layer. I personally consider this to be a technological breakthrough. My guess is that this new technology will continue to improve and might become dominant in the future, but at the moment cameras with single layer sensors still rule.

At the time of the latest update of this article I think that especially the models listed below give good value for money and are worth serious consideration for advanced aquarium photography. I only include cameras with external flash connection, because I consider the possibility and suitability to easily use external flash to be of significant value for advanced aquarium photography. (There are also several ways to use external flash even without a flash connection on the camera, but it is not as convinient.)

I've entered words to describe the price for each camera in the lists. The price varies greatly between different countries and retailers. The price is not static either, as it is usually lowered after the camera has been on the market for a while, but as a rough approximation (at the time of writing) the words might be converted into the figures below, including tax.

Low: Below 600 USD
Med: 600 - 1.500 USD
High: 1.500 - 3.000 USD
Very high: Above 3.000 USD

Abbreviations for the types of viewers:
LCD = Liquid Crystal Display
EVF = Electronic View Finder
OVF = Optical View Finder
TTLOVF = Through The Lens Optical View Finder


Camera MP Optical
Zoom
Closest
Macro
Viewer ISO
Max
Price Comments
Canon
EOS-1D Mark II
8 The lens
can be
changed
-
LCD
TTLOVF
1600
(3200)
Very
high
Very fast (8,5 fps), professional camera. Not yet released.
Canon
EOS-1Ds
11 The lens
can be
changed
-
LCD
TTLOVF
1250 Very
high
Very high quality, professional camera
Canon
EOS-10D
6 The lens
can be
changed
-
LCD
TTLOVF
1600
(3200)
High High quality, professional camera.
Canon
EOS-300D
(Digital Rebel)
6 The lens
can be
changed
-
LCD
TTLOVF
1600 Med High quality
Canon
PowerShot G5
5
35-140mm
5cm LCD
OVF
400 Med Fast lens (f2.0), articulating LCD.
Canon
PowerShot Pro1
8 7,1×
28-200mm
3cm LCD
EVF
400 Med Articulating LCD. Not yet released.
FujiFilm
FinePix S7000Z
6
35-210mm
1cm LCD
EVF
400
(800)
Med Honeycomb CCD
Minolta
Dimage 7Hi
5 7,1×
28-200mm
13cm LCD
EVF
800 Med Black colored
Nikon
CoolPix 4500
4
38-155mm
2cm LCD
OVF
800 Low Swivel lens, closest macro in middle of zoom range
Nikon
CoolPix 5400
5
28-116mm
1cm LCD
OVF
400 Med Articulating LCD, wide angle
Nikon
CoolPix 8700
8
35-280mm
3cm LCD
EVF
400 Med Articulating LCD, compact ultra zoom. Not yet released.
Nikon
D70
6 The lens
can be
changed
-
LCD
TTLOVF
1600 Medium Not yet released.
Nikon
D2H
4 The lens
can be
changed
-
LCD
TTLOVF
1600
(6400)
Very
high
Very fast (8 fps), professional camera
Nikon
D100
6 The lens
can be
changed
-
LCD
TTLOVF
1600
(6400)
High High quality, professional camera
Olympus
C-740UZ
3 10×
38-380mm
4cm LCD
EVF
400 Low
Compact ultra zoom
Olympus
C-750UZ
4 10×
38-380mm
7cm LCD
EVF
400 Low
Compact ultra zoom
Olympus
C-5050Z
5
35-105mm
3cm LCD
OVF
400 Med Fast lens (f1.8), tiltable LCD
Olympus
E-20
5
35-140mm
20cm LCD
TTLOVF
320 Med Tiltable LCD
Panasonic
DMC-FZ10K black
DMC-FZ10S silver
4 12×
35-420mm
5cm LCD
EVF
400 Low F2.8 throughout entire zoom. Optical Image Stabilizer. Black or silver body, black is best.
Sony
DSC-F828
8
28-200mm
2cm LCD
EVF
800 Med Fast lens (f2.0), swivel lens, 640x480 30fps video


The models in the list below are either old, discontinued or put down here because of introduction of newer models. These cameras are still worth considering, if you happen to find them on sale or second hand.

Camera MP Optical
Zoom
Closest
Macro
Viewer ISO
Max
Price Comments
Canon
EOS-1D
4 The lens
can be
changed
-
LCD
TTLOVF
1600
(3200)
Very
high
Very fast (8 fps), professional camera
Canon
EOS-D30
3 The lens
can be
changed
-
LCD
TTLOVF
1600 Med Professional camera
Canon
EOS-D60
6 The lens
can be
changed
-
LCD
TTLOVF
1000 Med High quality, professional camera.
Canon
PowerShot G2
4
34-102mm
6cm LCD
OVF
400 Low Articulating LCD. Black or silver body, black is best.
Canon
PowerShot G3
4
35-140mm
5cm LCD
OVF
400 Low Fast lens (f2.0), articulating LCD.
Casio
QV-2800UX
2
40-320mm
1cm LCD 320 Low Swivel lens
Casio
QV-2900UX
2
40-320mm
1cm LCD 320 Low Swivel lens
FujiFilm
FinePix 4900Z
2,4
35-210mm
10cm LCD
EVF
800 Low Honeycomb CCD
FujiFilm
FinePix 6900Z
3
35-210mm
10cm LCD
EVF
400 Low Honeycomb CCD
FujiFilm
FinePix S602Z
3
35-210mm
1cm LCD
EVF
400
(800)
Low Honeycomb CCD
Minolta
Dimage 7
5 7,1×
28-200mm
13cm LCD
EVF
800 Low Viewfinder goes black and white in low light
Minolta
Dimage 7i
5 7,1×
28-200mm
13cm LCD
EVF
800 Med Silver colored
Nikon
CoolPix 990
3
38-115mm
2cm LCD
OVF
400 Low Swivel lens, closest macro in middle of zoom range
Nikon
CoolPix 995
3
38-152mm
2cm LCD
OVF
800 Low Swivel lens, closest macro in middle of zoom range
Nikon
CoolPix 5000
5
28-85mm
2cm LCD
OVF
800 Low Articulating LCD, wide angle
Nikon
CoolPix 5700
5
35-280mm
3cm LCD
EVF
800 Med Articulating LCD, compact ultra zoom
Nikon
D1X
5 The lens
can be
changed
-
LCD
TTLOVF
800
(3200)
Very
high
High quality, professional camera
Olympus
C-700UZ
2 10×
38-380mm
10cm LCD
EVF
800 Low
Compact ultra zoom
Olympus
C-730UZ
3 10×
38-380mm
4cm LCD
EVF
400 Low
Compact ultra zoom
Olympus
C-2100UZ
2 10×
38-380mm
10cm LCD
EVF
400 Low Image Stabilized lens
Olympus
C-3040Z
3
35-105mm
20cm LCD
OVF
400 Low Fast lens (f1.8)
Olympus
C-4040Z
4
35-105mm
20cm LCD
OVF
400 Low Fast lens (f1.8)
Olympus
E-10
4
35-140mm
20cm LCD
TTLOVF
320 Med Tiltable LCD
Sony
DSC-F707
5
38-190mm
2cm LCD
EVF
400 Med Fast lens (f2.0), swivel lens, long battery life
Sony
DSC-F717
5
38-190mm
2cm LCD
EVF
800 Med Fast lens (f2.0), swivel lens, long battery life



Now after you have managed to reach this far you probably wonder what camera I would choose. Before I tell you, I want to remind you that my personal preferences might differ from yours. Anyway, I have narrowed it down to these cameras:


Low price: Nikon CoolPix 4500.

Medium price: Canon EOS-300D or Nikon D70.



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