Svensk Militärhistoria / Swedish Military History

 

 

Basic facts on the enlisted (värvade) units of the army of Gustav III (1788-90)

Allotted infantry

Allotted cavalry

Auxiliary units

Main sources:

The drawings of the colours are based upon some photos I have taken while visiting the Swedish war archive. The details are based on the articles by Leif Törnqvist published in the Swedish army museums book "Between the imperial eagles" and the booklet " Med blå glob och tre kronor uti".

The uniform drawings are based on the war archives on-line pictures of CG Roos paintings from 1783. for details I have used the article of Leif Törnqvist in the Swedish army museums book "Between the imperial eagles" and some photos taken by Dan Schorr several years ago at library of the Swedish Army museum. The sources are however to some point contradictive. Since all sources refers to the work of  CG Roos, I have chosen to follow his version.

The other information found below are drawn from the two books by Julius Mankell  "Anteckningar rörande Svenska regementenas historia". and the "Anteckningar rörande Finska arméens och Finlands krigshistoria".  The books are written in 1860-70 so there should be some new facts that mr Mankell have missed. I have also used the Generalstabens "Sveriges krig åren 1808 och 1809", GH Jägerhorn, "I fält för Gustav III" (editor Petra och Pertti Hakkala), CG Aminoff "Nyuppsatta truppförband i Finland mellan 1770 och 1808" and the Army museums great book "Between the imperial eagles".

The campaign in Finland was limited to the area close to the border river of Kymmene älv. Since I don't expect anyone to be familiar with the geography in that area I have downloaded a map showing the situation during the early 1800-hundreds. The scale is 1:500 000.

Enlisted units

General information

By tradition, the enlisted units are often referred to by the name of it's commanders. Researching their history can for that reason be a bit confusing.

The enlisted units were in most cases used for garrison duty, and was for that purpose organised as infantry. The technically more advanced Artillery regiment was through the whole period also based on enlisted personnel. Later on some "field units" as light cavalry (dragoons or hussars),  foot jaegers or rifleunits were recruited as well.

The colours:

 The allotted infantry had some very strong bonds to the provinces where they were recruited, something that the enlisted troops lacked. For this reason the colours were in most cases decorated with some general Swedish emblems. The proportions of the colours were the same as for the allotted units.

 The light units were not issued any colours or standards. Their tactics didn't require any, and there was also a too big risk for a colour to be captured by the enemy. 

To be able to display details when printed for 15mm figures, I have distorted some proportions and made some "simplifications". To compare with the originals, please check the photos.

The uniforms:

The enlisted units were entitled to a new uniform every third year. It's my guess that they all were equipped with the m/1779 when the war broke out in 1788. There is however a note stating that the Artillery received their new outfit in 1791, still there are lots of paintings from the war displaying the artillery in m/1779. A mystery to be investigated...

Also note that the two "German" regiments stationed in Stralsund, Pomerania were issued a uniform in a more traditional style.

The navy blue colour of the m /1779 uniform has unfortunately been distorted. The rest of the colours are ok. I will fix the navy-blue when I have the spare time.

If you would like to have the drawings in Power-Point just send me an e-mail.

I have not displayed the "Drabantkåren". I don't regard them as a "field unit", thus, they are irrelevant to me.

Livgardet (the Life Guard)

Infantry regiment serving as garrison in Stockholm. The unit is also known as:

bulletKunglig Majestäts Livgarde till fots (- 1791)
bulletKunglig Majestäts Första livgarde till fots (1791-92)
bulletSvea livgarde (1792-1808)
bulletFleetwoodska regementet (1808-1809)
bulletKungliga Svea Livgarde (1809-)

 Colours presented in 1772 and used until 1798 when they were replaced by colours with the monogram of Gustav IV Adolfs.

Gustav IV Adolf showed his dissatisfaction over the poor achievements of the guard regiments during the "Finnish war". In 1808 they all lost the "guard" status and was reduced to regular enlisted units. They also lost their right to their royal colours. This is the colour of the "Fleetwood regiment"

Shortly after the coup against king Gustav Adolf, the regiment was once again granted the status of "Life guard". The white colours was returned in1810 but now with the monogram of King Karl XIII.

Uniform m/1779.

Man power 1200 numbers
Numbers of companies 10 companies (split in three battalions)
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

23 June              Two battalions are shipped to Helsingfors / Helsinki.

25 July                The battalions takes part in the advance towards Fredrikshamn / Hamnina. When the events in
                          Anjala gets known, the battalions are sent as guards to the Army Headquarter in Lovisa. Here
                          they also spent the winter.

1789

The two battalions stays in Finland, while the third are sent to man some of the forts around the naval base of Karlskrona.

27 may             The regiment are gathered at Borgå

18 June            The regiment moves to Elimä, and later to Kouvala

26June              The two battalions participate in the main army's advance across the Kymmene river at Werälä.

28 June              Advances towards Villmansstrand and takes part in the actions at Uttismalm.

1 July                The regiment follows the King in the advance on Liikala.

3 July                  Takes part in the actions at Liikala. Parts of the regiment makes a decisive assault that
                          eventually forces the Russians to withdraw from Liikala.

21 July                The regiment serves as rear guards during the withdraw to Anjala and are the last unit to pass
                          back across the bridge.

22 July                The regiment are part of the force that are sent to face the Russians that has crossed the river at
                          Ummeljoki. The Russians are pulled back without any fighting's.

End of July         The regiment are sent to Kymmenegård to reinforce the defence along the coast.

29 August          Participate in the actions when a Russian amphibious assault on Kymmenegård is repelled.

1 September    The Russians performs a number of landings in the area of Broby. One battalion comes to support
                         
the Västgöta-dals regiment that are defending parts of the area. The joint force can hold the
                         
Russians back long enough to allow the retreating Swedes to slip through.

2 September   The regiment takes up defence at Fessiö

Winter                 They spend the winter at Lillby, just north of Borgå.

1790

15 April            The regiment is ordered to join the archipelago fleet in Helsingfors as infantry.

8 May                 Embarks the archipelago fleet at Sveaborg.

13 May             The last parts of the regiment embarks at Fantnäs, near Svartholmen.

15 May               Takes part in the action at Fredrikshamn.

27 may             A detachment of 200 men is put ashore to raid a Russian depot at Pytterlaks. The surprised
                         
Russian defenders takes to the run, and the depot, containing a number of larger cannons, is
                         
destroyed.

7 June               A task force of 3000 men is put ashore at Björkö near Viborg. The Life guard and the Hussars
                         
 advances to Makslaks on the road to Viborg.

15 June             200 men embarks on the archipelago fleet to participate in the kings naval attack on Trångsund
                         
 and Viborg.

16 June             The 200 men is put ashore at Kakkis. With the support from the artillery of the vessels, they
                         
 manages to capture the Russian batteries.

18 June             Once again the 200 men makes a land fall, this time on the island of Uuransaari. The land fall
                          
is a part of the general assault on Trångsund planned by the king. The landing is performed behind
                         
 the Russian batteries defending the strait of Trångsund. The first stages of the operation develops
                         
 according to plan, but after a while the landed troops finds themselves in trouble. The day before,
                         
 the attack was cancelled by the king, but that order never reached the squadron carrying the life
                         
 guard. Soon the Russians can concentrate on the isolated force and most of them is either killed
                         
 or captured as they tried to get back to the boats.

                           The same day the rest of the regiment embarks the archipelago fleet.

3 July                  The battalions are onboard the archipelago fleet during the break-out at Viborg.

9 July                   Takes part in the second naval battle of Svensksund.

10 July               The third battalion joins the forces at Kymmenegård. Mankell doesn't tell anything on when this
                         
 battalion arrived to Finland and if they had been participating in the actions in the Viborg area.

i

Garrison regiment in Gothenburg

The regiment was set up in 1721 based on the "Västgöta tremänningsregemente". It had eight companies in 1723 and was stationed in Gothenburg. Several periods were spent in Finland, the first one in 1742, the second in 1751-62 to participate in the construction of the castle of Sveaborg. The third period was in 1790. In 1801 the regiment was disbanded and the personnel were sent to The newly formed Göta artillery regiment. Regimental commanders has been:

bulletGenmj Bengt Ribbing 1721-1730
bulletGenlt Daniel Johan Zander 1730-1747
bulletGenlt Carl Edward von Hessenstein 1747-1769
bulletGenmj Hans Gustaf Gyllengranat 1769-1774
bulletGeneralmajor Hugo Hernumbers von Zaltza 1774-1789
bulletField Marshall Curt Bogislaus von Stedingk 1789-1801

Colour in use between 1725-1731.

Colour in use between 1755-1793

Uniform m/1779.

Man power 800 numbers
numbers of companies 8 companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

The regiment participated in the second battle of Svensksund in 1790.

 

Enlisted regiment in Skåne (1753 Kronprinsens and 1772 Konungens eget)

The unit was formed in southern Sweden in 1719 by merging the "Smålands tre- och femmänningsregementen". The unit was sent to Finland in 1751-1762 to participate in the construction of Sveaborg. In 1828 the regiment was reduced to a garrison company in Landskrona. The unit was disbanded in 1858. The unit is also known as:

bullet Col Ture Sigismund Horns regemente 1723-1724
bullet Genmj Filip Bogislaus von Schwerins regemente 1725-1729
bullet Colonel Bengt Horns regemente 1729-1736
bullet Generalmajor Jean Louis Bosquets regemente 1736-1747
bullet Prins Gustavs regemente till fot 1747-1753
bullet (Colonel Georg von Heijne) 1747-1756
bulletKronprinsens regemente till fot 1753-1771
bullet (Generalmajor Carl Adlerfelt) 1756-1764
bullet (Colonel Ulrik Scheffer) 1764-1766
bullet (Generalmajor Abraham von Björnmarck) 1766-1771
bullet Prins Adolfs Fredrik regemente till fot 1771-1772
bulletKonungens eget värvade regemente 1772-1828(-29?)
bulletGarnisonskompani i Landskrona 1828(-29?)-1858.

Colour in use between 1718-1744

Colour in use between 1748-1777

Drawing in the war archive from 1771 when the regiment were known as "Prins Fredrik Adolfs regemente. I don't know if it ever were used.

Colour presented in 1776. The drawing in the war archive shows a colour that is identical to the one shown for the life-guard. This colour was used by the regiment at least until 1815.

Uniform m/1779 presented in 1785.

Man power 500 numbers
numbers of companies 8 companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788-89

I have no information of any activities.

1790

In april the regiment is sent to serve on the fleet.

 

Enlisted regiment in Skåne/Pommern (Posse, Sprengtporten and others)

The "Västra skånska utskrivningsregementet" was formed in 1712. After the end of the great nordic war the regiment was in 1721 transformed into an enlisted garrison regiment. The regement was stationed in Skåne and Stralsund, Pommerania. In 1789 the regiment was merged into the Konungens egna värvade regemente. Regimental commanders has been:

bulletCol Carl Posses regemente 1721-1728
bulletCol Carl August Dohnas regemente 1728-1737
bulletCol Klas Filip von Schwerins regemente 1737-1749
bulletCol Carl Gustav Cronhiorts regemente 1749-1755
bulletCol Johan Maximilian Löwenfels regemente 1755-1763
bulletCol Johan Wilhelm Sprengtportens regemente 1763-1795
bulletCol Georg Peter Dankwardts regemente 1796-1798

Colour in use between 1712-1724

Colour in use between 1724-1740

Colour in use between 1740-1757

Colour in use between 1762-1788.

The colours were lost in the battle of Hogland. A new set was issued in 1789, now with the monogram of Gustav III.

Uniform m/1779.

Man power 800 numbers
numbers of companies 8 companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

Mankell lists the regiment as one of those serving on the fleet in 1788 and in 1790. He has no info regarding their activities in 1789.

 

Garrison regiment in i Stralsund (Spens, Psilanderhielm and others)

The regiment was recruited in 1749 and was formed on two battalions with four companies each. Initially the regiment was stationed in Sweden. When Sweden entered the seven year war against Prussia, the regiment was transferred to Pomerania. In the 1788-90 war the regiment served in Finland, but was once again returned to Pomerania after the war. When the French forces occupied Pomerania in 1807 the regiment was once again returned to Sweden (after suffering from heavy losses due to desertions). During the short peace 1810-1812 the regiment was once again back, just to be disbanded during the second French occupation in 1812. The regiment was restored in 1813. In 1815 the regiment became a Prussian unit when Pomerania was handed over to Prussia. Regimental commanders has been:

bullet

Generalmajor Gabriel Spens regemente 1749-1765

bullet

Colonel Carl Fredrik Lillienbergs regemente 1765

bullet

Colonel Balthsar Achtes von Platens regemente 1766

bullet

Colonel Conrad Christopher von Blixens regemente 1766-1779

bullet

Generalmajor Johan Psilanderhielms regemente 1779-1796

bullet

Generalmajor Hernumbers von Engelbrechtens regemente 1796-1815

Colour in use between 1750-1757

Colour in use between 1761-1809

The looks of the colours after 1809 is unknown.

      

Uniform m/1779.

Man power 1200 numbers
numbers of companies 12 companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

According to Carl Herlitz in Meddelanden 43-44 från Armemuseum: The regiment were moved to the area of Gothenburg after the Danish-Norwegian invasion. They spent the winter there.

1789

Mid August      The regiment arrives to Finland

31 august         When the Russians opens up the offensive along the coast, the regiment is stationed in Elimä.
                          To strengthen the coastal front, the regiment are sent to defend the bridge at Hirvenkoski.

5 September   The regiment is sent to Lovisa

3 October        The regiment is sent to Elimä, but are later sent to Sveaborg in Helsingfors for winter quarters.

1790

18 February    The regiment is ordered to the archipelago fleet.

28 may            A small force made up by 50 dragoons and 75 men from the Psilanderhjelms regiment is
                         landed at the village of Koskila. They raid a Russian depot at Yli Urpala on the road between
                         Viborg and Fredrikshamn. The depot is guarded by 125 Russians, but they are taken by surprise
                         and are driven away. The depot is destroyed.

7 June              A task force of 3000 men are put ashore at Björkö, near Viborg. The Psilanderhjelms
                          regiment and the life dragoons stays in the area while the rest of the force is spread out.

18 June            The troops are brought back onto the ships again.

 

Drottningens livregemente (Stralsund)

The unit was formed in 1720 bay merging the "Upplands- and Västgöta femmänningsregementen". The name "The Queens life regiment" was presented in 1722 and was kept until it was transferred to Prussia in 1815.

Company colours in use between 1783 and 1802. The new ones presented in 1802 probably had the monograms of Gustav IV Adolf and Sofia Magdalena.

Drawing found in the war archive. It's likely to show the colonels colour. The arm is the combined Swedish Danish arms, since the queen was a Danish princess.

 New colours was distributed in 1802, now showing the monograms of Gustav IV Adolf and queen Fredrika Dorotea Wilhelmina.

In 1810 the regiment received new colour now with the monogram of XIII and queen Hedvig Elisabet.

      

Uniform m/1779.

Man power 1200 numbers
numbers of companies 12 companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

According to Carl Herlitz in Meddelanden 43-44 från Armemuseum, After the Danish-Norwegian invasion. the regiment were moved to the area of Gothenbourg, and that they spent the winter there.

1790

Spring         The regiment is sent to serve on the fleet.

 

Garrison regiment at Sveaborg later The Queen Dowagers Life regiment (in Swedish "Änkedrottningens regemente")

The regiment was formed in southern Sweden in 1742 but transferred to Finland and the construction of Sveaborg in 1753. After a short period in Sweden, it was in 1762 once again sent to Finland. Initially the regiment was formed on two battalions with 500 numbers each. In 1773, a third battalion was formed. The new battalion was based in Stockholm. The regiment was disbanded in 1808 after the Russian capture of Sveaborg. Regimental commanders has been:

bullet Colonel Gustaf David Hamiltons regemente 1741-1758
bullet Colonel Magnus David Lillieswärds regemente 1759-1761
bullet Colonel Carl Fredrik von Liewens regemente 1761-1762
bullet Prins Fredrik Adolfs regemente 1762-1771
bullet Generalmajor Zöge von Numbersteuffels regemente 1771-1772
bullet The Queen Dowagers Life regiment / Änkedrottningens livregemente 1772-1808

Colour in use between 1741-1757

Colour in use between 1760-1772.

They were issued new colours when the regiment changed it's name to Änkedrottningens (The Queen Dowagers Life regiment)

It is likely that the new company colours had the monogram of Gustav III on one side and Lovisa Ulrikas on the other. The colonels colour might have had the combined Swedish Prussian arm on one side.

(Drawing of the Colonels colour after a note made by Leif Törnqvist 2nd of sept 2004)

      

Uniform m/1779.

Man power 1500 numbers
numbers of companies 12 companies (in three battalions)
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

June                  The third battalion is shipped to Helsingfors /Helsinki and participates in the advance on
                         
Fredrikshamn / Hamnia. After the events in Anjala the unit is pulled back to Högfors.

3  August           The two "Finnish" battalions embarks the archipelago fleet and takes part in the landings at
                          Brackila and the advance on Fredrikshamn.

8 August           The regiment is united at Högfors.

October            The regiment takes winter quarters in Helsingfors.

1789

27 may             Two battalions are guarding the coast in Nyland, while the third are sent to serve with the
                         
archipelago fleet.

26 June            One battalion are put ashore at Kymmenegård, but can not capture the island, instead they are
                         
forced back to the boats.

July                   As part of the coastal division, the regiment participate in the conquest of Sutila, Kymmenegård
                         
and Högfors.

19 July             One battalion takes part in a recce attack on the Russians at Saxala.

August             One battalion is sent to the main army at Anjala. After the Russian victory in the first naval battle at
                         Svensksund, the Russians are performing several landing attempts in the rear of the coastal division.
                         The division is forced to pull back to Swedish territory.

30 October     All three battalions belongs to the coastal division, and are sent to winter quarters in the area of Lovisa.

 1790

May                  The regiment belongs to the central division and is deployed in the area of Elimä and Anjala.

3 May              The third battalion is sent forward to replace the border guards at Anjala.

5 May              The Russians crosses the river at several places, including at Anjala. After intensive fighting's the
                         battalion at Anjala gets surrounded and is forced to surrender.
A few hundred men manages to
                         
escape to Willikala.

                         When the news about the Russian attacks at Anjala and Hirvenkoski reaches the headquarter,
                         
the remaining two battalions are summoned in Willikala. One battalion join the force sent to
                         
Hirvenkoski and the other one is apparently kept as a reserve. The remains of the third battalion
                         
accompanies the force that is sent forward to Korhois.

6 May              The Swedes attack the Russians in Hirvenkoski. During the attack the battalion is sent to encircle
                         
the Russian right flank. The move is successful and after some intensive fighting's the Russians
                         
are forced back across the river. However the Russian success at Korhois threatens the rear of
                         
the force in Hirvenkoski, so the Swedes retreat to Tavstby.

8 may               One battalion manages to advance to Raussila without any Russian resistance.

11 may            The battalion in Raussila is sent to Elimä.

17 may            An other battalion is present in Willikala.

30 May            The regiment takes part in an attack on the Russian forces in Korhois. The Russians are forced
                         
back to Anjala. Here the two sides watches each other until the peace is signed.

 

Garrison regiment at Sveaborg (Bergsregementet, Jägerhorn and others)

The regiment was formed as an enlisted garrison regiment based upon the remains of several units formed during the Great Nordic war. Initially the regiment was stationed in southern Sweden but was in 1751 transferred to Finland and Sveaborg. The regiment was disbanded in 1808 after the Russian capture of Sveaborg. Regimental commanders has been:

bullet Generalmajor Per Adlerfelts regemente 1721-1737
bulletColonel Ernst Gustaf von Willebrandts regemente 1737-1743
bullet Colonel Gustaf Rutensparres regemente 1743-1749
bullet Generalmajor Jacob Albrekt von Lantingshausens regemente  1749-1752
bullet Colonel Johan Cronhielms regemente 1752-1762
bullet Generalmajor Carl Björnbergs regemente 1762-1772
bullet Colonel Hugo Hernumbers von Saltzas regemente 1773
bullet Colonel Carl Gustaf Skyttes regemente 1773-1777
bullet Colonel Fredrik Flemmings regemente 1777-1788
bullet Colonel Fredrik Johan Stackelbergs regemente 1788-1801
bullet Colonel Fredrik Adolf Jägerhorns regemente 1801-1808

Colour in use between 1725-1736

Colour in use between 1739-1755

Colour in use between 1755-1793

Colour in use between 1801-1808

      

Uniform m/1779.

Man power 800 numbers (1792)
numbers of companies 8 companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788   

15 July                One battalion joins the Swedish force at Högfors. The other battalion are probably deployed at
                            Svartholmen.

17 July                One battalion participate in the advance towards Summa.

19 July                The battalion at Summa participate in the repelling a Russian counter attack.

26 July                The other battalion embarks on the archipelago fleet and are transported to the vicinity of
                            Fredrikshamn.

28 July                The battalion at Summa are transferred to the forces at Hussala.

2 august             The battalion on the archipelago fleet are landed at Willnäs close to Fredrikshamn. Their mission
                            is to delay any Russian attacks on the major landings at Brackila. After just a few hours they are
                            attacked by a superior Russian force and are forced back to the boats.

25 September   All Swedish units evacuate Russian territory.

20 October        One battalion is a part of the coastal division. The other one is probably sent as garrison to
                            Svartholmen.

1789

3 may                 The first battalion are sent to the archipelago fleet, the other are sent to the central division.

End of July         The battalion ashore are deployed at Elimä, later they are sent to Högfors.

1 September     The battalion are a part of the force that comes to the aide of the battalion of Jönköpings regiment
                           
at Broby. Together they can hold the Russians back long enough to let the retreating units slip
                           
through.

5 September     The battalion are sent to Lovisa, where it later takes winter quarters.

30 October        The battalion that has spent the campaign on the archipelago fleet are sent as garrison at Sveaborg.

1790

18 February       The battalion in Lovisa is ordered to serve on the archipelago fleet. That battalion appears to
                           
have spent the entire campaign there.

Early may           The other battalion is posted in Abborfors.

10 June              When the bridges at Abborfors has been repaired, the battalion joins the costal division on
                           
its advance to Pyttis.

15 June              The division marches along the coastal road from Pyttis towards Högfors. In Kuppis they
                           
encounter a Russian force counting about 400 men. The Russian force retreats to
                           
Kymmenegård without any fight.

25 June              The division initiates an attack on Suttila and Kymmenegård. A sudden change in the weather
                           
forces the Swedes to abandon the plan. Despite this, the Russians evacuate their positions
                           
and retreats towards Fredrikshamn. When the bridges are repaired the Swedes can advance
                           
to Högfors.

9 July                  In the case of a Russian victory in the coming second naval battle of Svensksund the division
                           
needs to have the escape route secured. In to guard the rear, the battalion is sent from
                           
Kymmenegård to Abborfors to secure the bridge there.

 

Lätta dragonkåren ( The Light Dragoon corps)

 In 1770 the Finnish Light Dragoon corps was formed and stationed in Borgå. Initially the corps was formed on three companies of 50 men each. The corps was actively supporting Custav III in his coup d'tat in 1772, and two of the companies were transferred to Stockholm to help keeping the order. The remaining company was eventually reinforced by two companies transferred from Pomerania. In 1777 another two companies were transferred to Stockholm, while the fifth was merged into the Karelian dragoon corps.

This was a light unit and carried no standards.

Uniform m/1779 presented in 1791. I have no information about the older uniforms.

Man power 1770: 150 numbers
1772: 250 numbers
1777: 200 numbers
Numbers of companies 1770: 3 Companies i Borgå
1772: 5 Companies (2 in Stockholm and 3 in Borgå
1777: 4 Companies in Stockholm
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

23 June               The corps is shipped to Helsingfors /Helsinki.

25 July                 The corps takes part in the advance on Fredrilshamn / Hamnia, but when the events in Anjala
                             gets known, they are set as guards to the Head quarters in Lovisa.

27 August           The corps is sent to the western Finland to repel any Russian landing attempts between
                             
Helsingfors and Åbo/Turku.

Autumn                The corps are shipped back to Stockholm for reorganisation.

1789

August               Back in Finland. They are sent to the coastal division at the mouth of the Kymmene river.

1 September    The dragoons takes part in the fighting's at Kymmenegård and Broby. One company comes to
                           
the support of the Jönköpings regiment in the defence of the costal battery that have halted a
                           
part of Russian landings. Another company supports the Life-guard and the Västgöta-dahl's in
                           
the defence of the village.

2 September    The corps ate deployed wit two companies each at Lovisa and Perno.

30 October       The dragoons are to take winter quarters in the are around Lovisa.

1790

May                    The corps is taken on board the archipelago fleet and takes part in several landings and raids.

7 June                A task force of 3000 men is put ashore at Björkö near Viborg. The Uppland Infantry regiment,
                           
the light dragoons and some of the hussars advances to Ummeljoki, along the road towards
                           St
Petersburg.

8 June                The force in in Ummeljoki repels a Russian counterattack launched by two squadrons of cavalry.

18 June              The task force embarks again.

3 July                  The battalions are onboard the archipelago fleet during the break-out at Viborg.

3 July                  Mankell mentions that a squadron from the corps arrives to Broby and sets up its camp there.
                            
He has not mentioned this unit before, so this note puzzles me a bit. There is a unit that is
                            
called the Kymmenegård squadron with a history that isn't very clear to me. That squadron is
                            
sometime linked to the Karelian dragoons and sometime linked to a fifth company of the light
                            
dragoons. It is quite possible that some of the actions noted for the Karelian dragoons actually
                            
was performed by this fifth squadron.

9 July                  Takes part in the second naval battle of Svensksund.

 

The Hussar regiment

The unit where stationed in several garrisons in southern Sweden.

It was a light unit and carried no standards.

Uniform m/1779 presented in 1789. I have no information about the older uniforms.

Man power 400 numbers
Numbers of companies 8 companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

The regiment is mobilised after the Danish invasion of Bohuslän, but I have no information if they were sent to meet the invaders, or kept as reserves in case of an other Danish attack in the south.

1789

The regiment is first marched to Kalmar and later to Stockholm.

1790

The regiment is shipped to Finland and then split between the costal division and the archipelago fleet.

The Detachment by the Archipelago fleet:

7 June                A task force of 3000 men is put ashore at Björkö near Viborg. The Hussars are split on two fronts.
                           
One section Joins the Life guard as they advances to Makslaks on the road to Viborg. The other
                           
section  joins the Uppland Infantry regiment and the light dragoons as they advances to Ummeljoki,
                           
along the road towards
St Petersburg.

8 June                The force in in Ummeljoki repels a Russian counterattack launched by two squadrons of cavalry.

18 June              The task force embarks again.

The Detachment by the coastal division:

21 June              Two squadrons participate as the division advances to Kuppis

25 June              The division initiates an attack on Suttila and Kymmenegård. A sudden change in the weather
                           
forces the Swedes to abandon the plan. Despite this, the Russians evacuate their positions
                           
and retreats towards Fredrikshamn. When the bridges are repaired the Swedes can advance
                           
to Högfors.

29 June              One squadron of hussars, some 100 freikorps and jaegers forms a recce party. They are sent
                           
towards Fredrikshamn in order to scout the Russian positions in the area. They finds out that
                           
the Russians had taken up their defence in Saksala.

9 July                  The camp in Kymmenegård is taken down as the division prepare themselves to withdraw from
                           
Russian territory in case of a Russian victory in the second naval battle of Svensksund. When
                           
the decisive Swedish victory is known, the camp is put up again.

 

Savolax jägarkår (Savolax rifle corps)

The unit was formed in 1770 as an enlisted light rifle corps. In 1789 the unit was expanded and renamed to Savolax rifle regiment.

 

Rifle or jaegers units carried no colours

Uniform m/1779 presented in 1782.

Man power 1770: 400 numbers

1789: 800 numbers (the actual strength was still about  4-500 men)

1791: 798 numbers

Numbers of companies 1770: 4 companies

1789: 8 companies

1791: 6 companies

Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

Served as a part of the Savolax brigade. They supported the infantry with reconnaissance and combat patrolling. The corps operated in Savolax and Carelia.

1789

13 June              Some 80 survivors that has got away from the Russian attack at Kyro takes part in the defence
                           
at Porosalmi.

22 June              The main body of the corps are gathered in Jorios.

5 July                  Parts of the corps are sent as a detachment to the force that are sent to Jokkas. When the
                           
Swedes shows up, the Russians immediately abandon the village.

9 October           During the battle at Laitasilta, close to Nyslott, some hundred jaegers stalls the Russians long
                           
enough so that the Swedes can be able to launch a counter attack

12 November     The corps takes winter quarters.

1790

Spring                 The corps is distributed on the forces at Pirtimäki at Pumala and Kallislaks by Nyslott.

4 juni                   Parts of the corps that has been on the Pumala front participate in the attack om Savitaipale.
                           
They belong to the left column that advances to launch an attack from the south. The column
                           
is delayed and when they finaly reach their possitions, the main assault has already been
                           
launched and beaten. They pull back without any major problems.

 

Värmlands fältjägarbataljon (Värmlands rifle battalion)

Enlisted unit that was planned to be organised in 1788. When the war broke out, some auxiliary companies were instead hastily raised to protect the Norwegian border. The battalion was finally formed in marsh 1790 by recruiting from the auxiliaries.  The plan was to recruit 600 men but that could never be achieved. The battalion was subordinated to the Närke-Värmlands regemente. In 1812 the battalion was merged into the newly formed Värmlands rifle regement.

In the book "Anteckningar om Värmlands fältjägarkår"by Axel Kindberg, the first uniform is described as "Grey with green turnbacks". He gives no info about the colour of the pants, if charivades (outer stockings) were used, or any details regarding the headgear. Initially the unit was armed with muskets and bayonets. In 1793 the use of rifle is mentioned.

Rifle or jaegers units carried no colours

Here are some suggestions of how the uniform m/1779 might have looked like. See also the Karelska Jägarkåren below.

Man power 300 numbers (1792)
numbers of companies 3 companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

No information available at the moment

Karelska jägarkåren (Carelian rifle corps)

Enlisted rifle corps recruited in the Swedish part of Carelia in spring 1788. In 1789, when the corps had four companies of 550 numbers it was split in two battalions with four companies each. The companies was supposed to hold 150 numbers each, in all 1200 men. The true number never exceeded 860.

The corps was disbanded after the war but re-established only one year later. It was to hold two companies with 100 men each. In 1806 the companies was expanded to 150 men each.

Rifle or jaegers units carried no colours

Uniform:

In 1789 a decision were taken that the corps should have grey uniforms. Green should be used for turn backs and collar. The shoe laces were to be green, and there is a decision that they were to have hats. There are no notes about charivades or stockings. The description fits well into the same outfit as the one mentioned above for the Värmlands jägar kår

 

Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1789

17 may             The corps take part in an attempt to by surprise eliminate the superior Russian garrison at the
                          church of  Ruskiala. The attack fails, but the Russians suffer to many casualties, so just a few days
                          after the attack they abandon Ruskiala and moves to Sordavala.

5 July                The corps joins the Savolax brigade in Jorois. Some parts of the corps takes part in the expedition
                          to Jokkas.

12 November  The corps takes winter quarters in Savolax

1790

13 February       The two battalions is put under the command of the Karelian brigade. The brigade is summoned in
                          April in Tomajärvi.

1 June                 The Karelian brigade is ordered to redeploy to Savolax. However the corps is left behind in the
                          Tomajärvi area to patrol the border.

 

Artilleriregementet

The regiment was formed in four brigades, with various numbers of companies. Each company held 80 men.

The guns were of very different types and calibres, which caused some logistical problems during the war.

The artillery carried no colour.

Uniform m/1779. Some information's states that the regiment received their new uniform as late as in 1791. On the other hand several paintings from the war shows the artillery dressed in m/1779. I don't know what's right about this...

The life brigade (Stockholm, Vaxholm and Frösö skans) 13 companies
The Gothenburg brigade (Göteborg, Karlstad and Eda skans) 7 companies
The Scanian brigade (Kristianstad, Malmö, Landskrona, Jönköping, Kalmar and Stralsund) 10 companies
The Finnish brigade (Helsingfors, Lovisa, Tavastehus, and Varkaus)  10 companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

The Finish brigade saw some heavy actions during the war. I do not know if any other brigades was shipped to Finland.

Other enlisted units not in service during the 1788-90 war, but of some interest anyway

Garrison regiment in Stralsund (Posse, Chronhielm and others)

The unit was formed in 1749 as a Garrison regiment in Stralsund. It was formed on two battalions of four companies each. In 1766 the regiment was merged into the two other garrison regiments in Stralsund.

 Regimental commanders has been:

bullet

Colonel Mauritz Posse 1749-1760

bullet

Colonel Axel Hugo Hamilton 1760-1761

bullet

Lieutenant Colonel  Abraham Björnmarck 1761-1762

bullet

Generalmajor Johan Cronhielm 1762-1766

Colour in use between 1749-1760 (possibly until 1766)

The Second Guard regiment

The Regiment was formed in 1790 by merging of a number of auxiliary units. These units were the Storamiralens regemente, Sandels fotjägare, Eherenmalmska bataljonen and the Tornéhelmska bataljonen. In 1808 the regiment was split between the Fleetwoods regemente and the Paléns regemente. This regiment is also known as:

bulletAndra gardesregementet (1790-92)
bulletKungl Majt Göta livgarde (1792)
bulletGöta gardesregemente (1792-1806)
bulletSvenska gardesregementet (1806-1808)
 

The colours are unknown but was most likely of the same design as for all other units with "Guard" status.

Finska gardesregementet, Paléns regemente and others

In 1793 the third battalion of the Queen Dowagers regiment formed "The enlisted battalion of the  light infantry of the life regiment brigade". (what a name...)  In 1808 the regiment loses it's status as "Guards" and is renamed to Paléns regiment. At the same time one half of the former "Svenska gardes regementet" joins the regiment. The "Guard" status is restored in 1809. The unit is known as:

bulletDen värvade bataljonen av livregementsbrigadens lätta infanteri (1793-1796)
bulletLivregementets lätta bataljon          (1796-1803)
bulletFinska gardesregementet                (1803-1808)
bulletPaléns värvade regemente              (1808-1809)
bulletAndra gardesregementet                (1809-

When the unit was formed, it's likely that they maintained some of the colours from the Queen Dowagers regiment.

New colours was presented in 1792.

Gustav IV Adolf showed his dissatisfaction over the poor achievements of the guard regiments during the "Finnish war". In 1808 they all lost the "guard" status and was reduced to regular enlisted units. They also lost their right to their royal colours. This is the colour of the Paléns enlisted regiment in use 1808-1809.

Shortly after the coup against king Gustav Adolf, the regiment was once again granted the status of "guard". The white colours was returned in1810 but now with the monogram of King Karl XIII.

Adlerkreutz regemente (1803-1808)

(Until september 1804 Nya Jägarregementet or Finska värvade fotjägarregementet)

The regiment was an enlisted light regiment stationed in southern Finland. The regiment held 13 companies formed on four battalions. One company held 200 numbers, the rest held150, all in all 2000 numbers. In 1805 the 200 number strong Elimä-company were transferred to the Nylands jägarbataljon. In 1808 the regiment were sent to Sveaborg and was disbanded  after the Russian capture of the castle.

Colour for 1807-1808. The colour were manufactured but it's not likely that they was ever delivered to the regiment. Instead the colours was modified ad delivered to the newly raised Northern and Southern Scanian infantry regiments.

Allotted infantry

Allotted cavalry

Auxillary units

Copyright Lars Rössle (unless other is stated).
 All rights reserved. No material such as text or pictures may be published without a written permission.
 
Contact:
 lars.rossle@bredband.net