Svensk Militärhistoria / Swedish Military History

 

 

Basic facts on the allotted (indelta) infantry of the army of Gustav III  (1788-90)

Allotted cavalry

Enlisted units

Auxiliary units

Main sources:

The drawings of the colours are based upon some photos I have taken while visiting the Swedish war archive. The details are based on the articles of Leif Törnqvist published in the Swedish army museums book "Between the imperial eagles" and the booklet " Med blå glob och tre kronor uti".

The uniform drawings are based on the war archives on-line pictures of CG Roos paintings from 1783. for details I have used the article of Leif Törnqvist in the Swedish army museums book "Between the imperial eagles" and some photos taken by Dan Schorr several years ago at the Swedish Army museum's library. The sources are however to some point contradictive. Since all sources refers to the work of  CG Roos, I have chosen to follow his version.

The other information found below are drawn from the two books by Julius Mankell  "Anteckningar rörande Svenska regementenas historia". and the "Anteckningar rörande Finska arméens och Finlands krigshistoria".  The books are written in 1860-70 so there might be some new facts that mr Mankell have missed. I have also used the Generalstabens "Sveriges krig åren 1808 och 1809", GH Jägerhorn, "I fält för Gustav III" (editor Petra and Pertti Hakkala), CG Aminoff "Nyuppsatta truppförband i Finland mellan 1770 och 1808" and the Army museums great book "Between the imperial eagles".

The campaign in Finland was limited to the area close to the border river of Kymmene älv. Since I don't expect anyone to be familiar with the geography in that area I have downloaded a map showing the situation during the early 1800-hundreds. The scale is 1:500 000.

Allotted (indelt) infantry

General information

The colours:

Since many of you are probably here to find appropriate colours to mount on 15 or 25 mm figures, you should know that many of the details are just too small to see in that scale. For that reason I have distorted some proportions and made some "simplifications" on the drawings on display. To compare with the originals, please check the photos.

The uniforms:

The navy blue colour of the m /1779 uniform has unfortunately been distorted. The rest of the colours are ok. I will fix the navy-blue when I have the spare time.

If you would like to have the drawings in Power-Point just send me an e-mail.

Upplands regemente

The regiment was allotted in approximately the same area as today's Uppsala county.

Colour m/1766 introduced in 1771

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 1200 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788     

June              Transported to Helsingfors / Helsinki

3 August       Participate in the landings near Fredrikshamn / Hamnia

16 August     Marches from Borgå to the boarder.

September   Winter quarters in Svenskby between Elimä and Abborfors.

1789      

June              Part of the right or coastal division.

3 July            The regiment advances across the border at Abborrfors. The Division reaches Pyttis at the 5/7,
                      Kuppis 6/7, and on the 8/7 they participate in the fighting when the islet of Suttula is cleared from
                      Russian defenders. The attempt to take control of the Islet of Kymmene on the 9/7 fails however.

18 July          The new attempt to take control of the islets and the bridges leading to Högfors is a success.

19 July          Participate in some fights between Högfors and Saxala

21 July          The regiment is sent as reinforcements to the Anjala area. On arrival, they are immediately sent to face
                      the Russian force that has crossed the Kymmen river at Ummeljoki and Werälä. The Russian force
                      pulls back without any fight, and soon after the regiment is sent back to Kymmenegård.

26 August     Parts of the regiment is taken onboard on the Archipelago fleet and participate in the
                      first battle of Svensksund.

31 August     The regiment follows the archipelago fleet back to Helsingfors.     

Winter           Winter quarters in Ekenäs and Hangö.

1790

14 April         The regiment, who has spent the winter in the area of Hangö, is sent to Helsingfors in order to serve
                      on the archipelago fleet. According to J Mankell there are still 420 men left as a garrison at Hangö,
                      but it's not obvious that these men are from this regiment.

7 June           A force of 3000 men are set ashore at Koivisto/Björkö outside Viborg. The Upplanders, the light
                      dragoons and some of the Hussars marches to Ummeljoki on the road to St Petersburg. On the
                      8 June they are attacked by two squadrons of Russian cavalry. After a short fight , the Russians
                      withdraws.

18 June         The troops that has been ashore are taken on board again.

 

Skaraborgs regemente

The regiment was allotted in the eastern parts of the province of Västergötland.

Colour m/1761 introduced in 1763

Possible design of the colour introduced in 1804. It is possible that the colour should have only tw crowns, one in the black and one in the yellow corner.

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 1200 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788 

September         The regiment is posted at the Danish / Norwegian border .

29 September   Three companies are surrounded at Kvistum, and forced to surrender to the Danish /Norwegian
                            invasion force. The remainder of the regiment is summoned to Gothenburg to defend the city.

1789

August                The regiment is transported to Finland and serves under the right or coastal division.

1 September     During the fighting's after the Russian landings at Broby, one battalion are sent as to support a
                            battalion from the Jönköping regiment, that is defending Broby, and that is under severe pressure.
                            The defenders manages to keep the road open long enough to let retreating Swedes slip out of
                            the trap.

2 September     The regiment takes up positions at Hirvenkoski

30 October        The regiment is a part of the right division and are sent to winter quarters in the area of Lovisa.

1790

26 January         The first battalion is sent to Helsingfors.

15 April               The second battalion is also sent to Helsingfors. The regiment is united at the castle of Sveaborg.

Early May           The second battalion is sent to the boarder at Abborfors.

14 June              The first battalion arrives at Abborfors.

15 June              The regiment has crossed the boarder and arrives to the village of Kuppis. The Russian garrison,
                            that only counts 400 men retreats to Kymmenegård without any resistance.

25 June              An assault on Suttila and Kymmenegård starts up, but a sudden rain forces the Swedes to abort
                            the operation. The next day the Russians abandon their positions and pulls back towards
                            Fredrikshamn. The bridges are repaired and the Swedes advances to Högfors.

9 July                  The troops at Kymmenegård gets ready to pull back in case that the Swedish archipelago fleet
                            is beaten in the naval battle at Svensksund. When the words of the victory reaches
                            Kymmenegård, the camp is set up again.

 

Åbo läns regemente

The regiment was allotted in the inland areas of the province of "Proper Finland".

Colour m/1686 B introduced in 1746

Two possible versions of the colour introduced in 1804

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 1025 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

Mid June        The regiment is summoned and marches to Anjala

18 July            The regiment crosses the border and moves to Liikala

22 July            The regiment reaches Hussala

1 August         Without order, the troops starts to break up and march for home. The mutiny is stopped after a speech
                        by the King Gustav III. The troops are persuaded to move on Fredrikshamn (Hamnia) instead.
                        After a four hour long  artillery duel with the city defenders the action is abandoned and they returns
                        to Hussala.

8 August         The regiment is pulled back to Anjala.

4 October      The Regiment is sent to Helsingfors (Helsinki) and are later sent home for winter quarters.

1789

3 May             The regimental vargering (reserve personal) are ordered to serve on the archipelago fleet.

12 May           The entire regiment are ordered to serve with the artillery. I am not sure if this mean, if they were to
                        man the cannons or just to serve as close defence and "extra hands".

30 October    The regiment sent home for winter quarters

1790

18 February   The Vargering is sent to serve at the archipelago fleet.

21 February   The regiment is sent to serve with the artillery.

 

Södermanlands regemente

The regiment was allotted in approximately the same area as today's Södermanlands county, but were also allotted in a part of Östergötland. 

Colour m/1686 B introduced in 1746

Colour m/1766 introduced in 1813

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 1200 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

June                     Transported to Helsingfors / Helsinki

3 August              Participate in the landings near Fredrikshamn / Hamnia and takes part in the fighting's at Sandby

26 August            Watches the border at Abborfors.

October               Transferred to the central division and takes winter quarters at Elimä

1789

July                       Deploy at Anjala and builds a bridge to open up  the escape route for the main army that has
                             invaded  the Russian Finland.

21 July                 The main army passes back over the bridge at Anjala. The regiment joins in on the march
                             towards Werelä.

8 August              Participate in the fights at Werelä when a heavy Russian attack across the river is repelled.

15 September    The entire regiment is sent from Werälä to face the Russian units that have crossed the river at
                             Ummeljoki. After just a few days they are sent on to Anjala.

27 September    The regiment is back at Werälä

October               The regiment is a part of the central division. They take winter quarters in the area of Artsjö and
                             Elimä.

1790

End of April         The regiment belongs to the central division.

5 may                   When the word of the Russian attacks across the river at Anjala and Hirfvenkoski, parts of the
                            
regiment are summoned in the village of Willikala. A small detachment of 60 men joins the group
                            
that is sent forward to Korhois to meet the Russians.

6 may                   The troops prepares for battle as they arrive to Korhois. The Västgöta-dal regiment and the
                            
60 men from the Södermanlands regiment and are deployed on the left flank. During the second
                            
phase of the battle, the Russians advances towards this flank and puts the Swedes under a
                            
severe gunfire. The Swedes are ordered to launch a counter attack, but due to the rough terrain
                            
they are disordered and are forced to retreat. At the same time words comes that Russian troops
                            
have managed to outflank them, a general withdraw to Willikala is ordered.

10 may                The manpower of the regiment is so low that they are merged into one battalion.

16 may                The regiment is sent to Ninimäki.

19 may                The troops in Ninimäki advances on the russians at Keltis backar (the hills of Keltis) The
                            
battalion lines up as no five from the road. The battle starts of in the during the early hours of
                            
the 20th may. There is a long period of exchanges of fire, but no one gets the upper hand.
                            
Some sources say four hours other say eight. in the morning. Finally the Swedish reserve
                            
makes a daring assault on the Russian artillery on the southern flank. The attack is successful
                            
and the entire Russian line are pulled back. The shortage of ammunition prevents the
                            
Swedes from making a follow-up attack.

20 may                When the Swedes have rested after the battle at Keltis, they start to advance. The Russians
                            
have abandoned the village of Keltis, on the 21st the bridge at Nappo is restored and the
                            
Swedes can continue the advances to Werälä where the Russians have dug in. The Swedish
                            
forces are not considered strong enough to try an attack, so the rest of the war is spent on
                            
watching the Russians.

 

Kronobergs regemente

The regiment was allotted in approximately the same area as today's Kronobergs county. 

Colour m/1766 introduced in 1768

      

Uniform m/1779 introduced in 1790. Meanwhile, the troops were ordered to change the old m/1765 uniform to a similar style.

 

Man power 1100 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

July                One battalion is shipped to Helsingfors / Helsinki, Finland. The other one was left at home to
                       defend the southern or western border in case of a Danish / Norwegian invasion, but Mankell
                       gives no information on this matter
.

3 august        The battalion participate in the landing at Brackila, near Fredrikshamn / Hamnia.

August           Guards the border at Abborrfors

Winter            Transferred to the central division and takes winter quarters at Kungsböle.

1789    

28 June         Participate in the battle of Uttismalm. The battalion passes on the outside of a swamp and manages to
                       outflank the enemy, and forces them to retreat.

3 July             Takes part in the fighting's at Liikala, where the battalion together with the lifeguard performs a bayonet
                       assault and drives the Russians on the run.

22 July           Starts the withdrawal to Swedish territory.

Mid August   The other battalion is shipped to Finland, and are sent towards the front at Högfors. Due to the Russian
                       offensive, the battalion are pulled back without seeing any action. This battalion spends a short time
                       in Elimä before they are sent to Werälä where the regiment are joined.

Winter            The regiment belongs to the central division and are sent to winter quarters at Rängomäki and Packas.

1790    

28 April         Both battalions participate in the expedition to Valkiala. The expedition has two pursues, first to
                       
ease the pressure on Armfelt and his troops at pardakoski, secondly to loot the Russian magazines
                       
at Valkiala. One of the battalions forms together with a battalion from the Elvsbogs regiment the
                       
avant-garde. They are the first to cross the river and are immediately sent to clear out all Russian
                       
forces from Ukkola.

29 April         The regiment takes part in the battle at Valkiala. The first battalion are at the front when the
                       
Swedish column pushes through a narrow pass. They take some severe casualties but manage to
                       
open up the road so the others can move through and spread out. Both battalions takes part in the
                       
final assault where the Russians are forced to retreat.

5 May            The units at Valkiala are ordered back to the Ummeljokki on the Swedish side to counter the
                       
russian force that has captured Anjala.

6 May            One battalion is sent to Wilikala while the other is left at the bridge in Nappo. Their orders are to
                       
observe the advancing Russian force.

9 May            More russian troops crosses the border at Ummeljokki. They head north and force the battalion at
                       
Nappo to pull back, past Keltis and all the way to Ninimäki.

10 May          The battailon at Wilikala are first marched to Elimä and then sent to Ninimäki in order to reinforce
                       
the northern flank.

19 may          In the line up before the battle at the hills at Keltis (Keltis backar) one battalion is deployed next to
                       
the road, while the other is kept just behind as a reserve. The battle is fought in the early morning
                       
hours of the 20th of may as a typical line infantry battle. There is a heavy fire fight, but neither side
                       
manage to get the upper hand. Finally the reserve battalion, together with a battalion from the
                       
Östgöta infantry regiment, manages to push back the Russian jaegers and capture the artillery
                       
on the southern flank. The entire russian force abandon their positions, but the swedes have run
                       
too short on ammunition and are unable to make a pursuit.

20 may          After a rest, the re-supplied Swedes start to advance. Keltis is retaken and the bridge at Nappo is
                       
repaired. On the 21st they reaches Werälä where the Russians have taken up the defence. However
                       
no action is taken as the Russian position is considered too strong.

Summer        The regiment stays at Werelä until the peace is signed.

 

Jönköpings regemente

The regiment was allotted in approximately the same area as today's Jönköpings county 

Colour m/1686 B introduced in 1758

In my opinion the most likely version of the colour introduced in 1813.

In the war archive is a proposal from 1769 shown below. However, I find it unlikely that the regiment ever received any colours of this design.

      

Uniform m/1779 introduced in 1789-91 (note the light blue colour). Meanwhile, the troops were ordered to change the old m/1765 uniform to a similar style.

Man power 1100 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

July                    One battalion is shipped to Helsingfors / Helsinki, Finland. The other one was left at home to
                           defend the southern or western border in case of a Danish / Norwegian invasion, but Mankell
                           gives no information on this matter
.

3 august            The battalion participate in the landing at Brackila, near Fredrikshamn / Hamnia.

August               Guards the border at Abborrfors

Winter                Transferred to the central division and takes winter quarters at Kungsböle.

1789

June                   When the main army crosses the river of Kymmene, the battalion is left to guard the bridge at Werelä.

3 July                 The battalion is sent to Liikala but doesn't appear to have participated in the fight.

14 July               The forces at Liikala are to Kaipias sent as reinforcements, but gets lost on the way. They arrive
                           too late.

22 July               Withdraws to Swedish territory with the main army. They are posted as border guards at Ummeljoki
                           and Werelä.

August               The other battalion is shipped to Finland and are sent to the coastal division at Högfors.

1 September    After the Russian victory in the first naval battle at Svensksund, the Russians take the initiative for
                           an offensive along the coast. The battalion at the coast are sent to guard a coastal defence battery
                           by Broby. When the Russian forces tries to land at Broby, the battalion takes up the fight. The
                           battalion is under severe pressure, but with some reinforcements they manages to hold the
                           ground, so that the retreating units from Högfors can slip out. The next day they are pulled back to
                           Abborrors.

15 October        The battalion at Keltis are sent to Savolax, while the other one are sent to the left division.

1790

April                   The regiment are sent to St Mickel on the Savolax front.

15 April             The regiment is a part of the avant-garde during the attack on Suomenniemi. One battalion is
                          
sent on the Russians at Kuivastensarari. The march is however too slow and the Russians
                          
gets away without a fight. Later the battalion are sent to Suomenniemi, but when the Swedes
                          
arrive the Russians are already gone.

16 April             The unit in Suomenniemi spots a large force advancing on them over the ice clad lake. The
                          
force believed to be the Russian main army, so the Swedes make a quick retreat to Kristina
                          
on the Swedish side of the border. On the 17th the king passes Kristina on his way back
                          
from the front. Now it becomes clear that the column  was mistaken for Russians, was the
                          
Swedish main force advancing. The embarrassed unit is immediately sent back to Suomenniemi

30 April             During the battle of Pardakoski, one battalion supports the shaken Vargerings battalions at
                          
Kärnakoski by launching a successful counter attack. Together with a battalion from the
                          
Svaolax regiment, the second battalion holds the Swedish right flank. Their presence makes
                          
the Russians to hold their positions. In the later stage of the battle, the Swedes on the right
                          
flank advances and tries to encircle the Russians. The Russians retreats without any major
                          
resistance.   

4 June                One battalion is assigned to the middle column during the attack on Savitaipal. The column
                          
takes their first objectives, but Armfelt decides to continue the assault on his own, without the
                          
support from the other two columns. The Russians can concentrate their fire on the single
                          
column, they take some heavy losses. The entire operation is called of and the troops are
                          
marched back to Kärnakoski.

 

Björneborgs regemente

The regiment was allotted in approximately the same area as the province of Satakunta.

Colour m/1686 B introduced in  1752

Colour m/1766 introduced in  1794

      

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 1025 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

June                  The regiment is summoned in Helsingfors ( Helsinki).

5-12 July           The regiment marches to the border at Anjala.

18 July              The second battalion is the first to cross the border and are later to capture Liikala

22 July              The regiment reaches Hussala

1 august           Without order, the troops starts to break up and march for home. The mutiny is stopped after a
                          speech by the King Gustav III. One battalion is sent to Fredrikshamn (Hamnia) instead. After a
                          four hour long  artillery duel with the city defenders the action is abandoned and they returns to.
                          Hussala The other battalion is sent to encircle the town and to make contact with the force that is
                          supposed to make a landing future east at Brackila. After a minor battle with some Russian jaegers
                          they get the message that no landing force is on the way, the battalion is pulled back to Hussala.

10 august         The regiment is pulled back to Anjala.

25 September The whole Swedish army evacuate Russian territory

5 October         The regiment is sent to Ummeljoki

Mid October     The regiment is split between the left division and the Savolax division. The battalions take winter
                           quarters at Peipola and Heinola.

1789

4 may                    Two companies takes part in the fails attack on Suomensilta. The advance comes to a bloody halt
     at Härkesilda and the unit is pulled back to Swedish territory again..

Early June         The vargerings battalion (reserve battalion) are on the march towards Heinola. The rest of the unit
                           have one battalion deployed at Heinola and two companies each in Kyro and Pumala.

13 June             Three companies forms the backbone in the desperate defence at Porosalmi

19 June             The Vargerinsbattalion are now at the scene at Porrosalmi, but due to a misunderstood order
                           they comes in the path of a Russian attack. The unit are scattered and takes to the woods. The rest
                           of the regiment follows the Savolax brigade on its retreat to Jorois.

21 July               One battalion takes the lead in the attack on the Russian defence at Parkumäki and plays a
                           decisive role in the battle.

22 July               The regiment reaches the straits of Laitasilta, just across Nyslott. The Swedes are not strong
                           enough to push across the straits, instead they start to build some defence works.

9 October          The first battalion defends the bridge at Laitasilta against an Russian surprise attack. The battalion
                           is however forced to retreat, but have managed to stall the Russians long enough. The other
                           battalion and parts of the Österbotten regiment gets there in time and launches a counter attack.
                           After some severe close combat the Russians are forced back to Nyslott again.

12 November    The regiment takes winter quarters in Savolax.

1790

Spring                The regiment is deployed to defend the crossings at Kallislaks/Nyslott

31 march           The vargering is absorbed by the regular batalions

Early may          One battalion is sent from Kallislaks to Pirtimäki near Pumala to strengthen the defence
                          
before an expected Russian attack.

5 may                 Shortly after 2 am the Russian attack starts. They advance on three columns towards the
                           
Swedish camp at Pirtimäki. The battle rages the entire morning. At 4 am about 100 men from
                           
the Savolax regiment arrives as reinforcements. The surprise of these fresh troops showing up
                           
in the rear of the Russian front, gives the defenders the chance to launch a counter charge that
                           
is strong enough to force the Russians abandon the operation and start to pull back to Pumala.
                           
At this moment the first parts of the Björneborg regiment arrives on the scene, and they are
                           
quickly sent to pursuit the retreating Russians

                            Mankell has no further notes on any activities at Kallilaks or Pumala.

 

Dalregementet

The regiment was allotted in approximately the same area as today's Dalarnas county.

  Colour m/1766 introduced in 1764(!) The colour is to be regarded as a prototype for the m/1766.

      

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 1200 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788    

July                       The regiment is transported to Helsingfors / Helsinki

3 august               The regiment participate in the landing at Brackila, near Fredrikshamn / Hamnia.

August                  Guards the border at Högfors.

Autumn                 Deploy as costal defence in the are of Lovisa.

1789    

Spring                  As a part of the costal division, the regiment is deployed along the coast in order to repel
                              
Russian landings.

26 June                The regiment is deployed at Hirvenkoski as a preparation for the spring offensive on
                              
Fredrikshamn

6 July                    The regiment crosses the border and marches towards Kuppis.

19 July                  One battalion participate in the royal recognisance expedition between Högfors and
                              
Fredrikshamn.
                              After the fighting's at Saxala, the expedition are pulled back to Högfors.

24 august             One battalion are ordered to the archipelago fleet, and takes part in the first naval battle of
                              Svensksund.

2 September       Due to the Russian attacks along the coast, the regiment are pulled back to Abborfors

30 October          The regiment belongs to the costal division. It takes winter quarters in the area of Lovisa

1790

Spring                  The regiment is transferred from the costal to the central division, and are made responsible
                              
for the defence of the road at Anjala.

5 may                   Parts of the regiment is gathered in Willikala as a result of the Russian attacks at Anjala and
                              
Hirvenkoski. Later this day, parts of the unit is sent to Hirvenkoski.

6 May                   The regiment participate in the fighting's at Hirvenkoski. By performing a bayonet assault, the
                              regiment forces the Russians back across the river.

7 may                   The regiment is pulled back from Hirvenkoski and joins the forces in Willikala

8 may                   Once again the regiment is sent to Hirvenkoski where a Russian force has again crossed the
                             
river. When the Swedes arrives, the Russians pulls back to their side of the river without any
                             
resistance.

9 May                   Clears out a small island in the middle of the river. They also makes a try to take control of
                            
bridge and the other side of the river, but the Russians defend their side well, so the final
                            
crossing has to be abandoned.

12 June               The regiment is sent to the coastal division at Broby.

15 June               The regiment follows the advance of the costal division. When they reach Kuppis they face a
                            
Russian force of 400 men. The Russians realise that they are out numbered and retreats without
                            
resistence to Kymmenegård

25 June               An assault on Suttila and Kymmenegård starts up, but a sudden rain forces the Swedes to abort
                             the operation. The next day the Russians abandon their positions and pulls back towards
                             Fredrikshamn. The bridges are repaired and the Swedes advances to Högfors.

9 July                   The troops at Kymmenegård gets ready to pull back in case that the Swedish archipelago fleet
                             is beaten in the naval battle at Svensksund. When the words of the victory reaches
                             Kymmenegård, the camp is set up again.

    The Dalarnas fricorps and the regimental vargering (the reserve battalion)

1788    

September          The King Gustav III speaks to the peasantry and they respond by forming a freicorps to help
                             
defend the country against the Danish invasion.

16 October          The corps marches from Falun

22 October          The corps passes Karlstad and are sent to the front in Dalsland.

27 November      The corps leaves the border and heads home.

14 December     When back in Falun, the corps are disbanded.

1789    

Spring                  The peasantry decide to form a vargerings (reserve) battalion for the regular regiment. Normally
                             there should be one reserve for every two regular soldier, in this case 600 men. The new unit

                             however counts 1400 men. They are recruited and trained during the summer.

August                 The Dalvargering is shipped from Gävle to Hangö.

Autumn                The unit guards the coast of Nyland

30 September    100 men participate and distinguish themselves in the attack on the Russian stronghold on the
                             island of Elgön.

1790   

Mars                    The Dalvargering are sent to St Mickel on the Savolax front.

15 April               The unit is a part of the "avant garde" during the attack on Suomenniemi. They charges and
                             
takes control of a hill close to Pardakoski. They are joined by the Hälsinge vargering, and
                             
together the units drive off a Russian force that is defending the bridge. The Russians retreats
                             
to Kärnakoski, but are soon forced to abandon that position as well.

30 April                Before the expected Russian counter attack on Kärnakoski, the battalion is lined up on the brink
                             
south of the Kärnakoski bridge. The Russian centre charges across the frozen lake and
                             
threatens the back of the vargering. They falls in to an chaotic retreat, but when a battalion of
                             
the Jönköping regiment shows up, the vargering forms again and participate in a successful
                             
counter charge.

4 June                  The battalion is a part of the middle column during the attack on Savitapale. They manage to
                             
capture the first object, but when General Armfelt decides to continue the attack without the the
                             
other two columns, they form an easy target for the Russian defensive fire. They suffer heavy
                             
casualties, the assault fails and the entire force retreats to Kärnakoski.

                             The unit is disbanded after the war.

 

Tavastehus regemente

The regiment was allotted in the province of Tavastland, but some areas of Savolax and Österbotten was also included.

Colour m/1766 introduced in 1773

      

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 1025 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788 

12 June             The regiment arrives at Anjala

17 July               One battalion crosses the border and takes Liikala

22 July               One battalion is sent to Kaipias to act as flank guard to the main army, while the other battalion is
                           marched to  Menduharju.

8 august            Both battalions are pulled back to Keltis, on the Swedish side of the border.

October             The first battalion is subordinated to the left division and are sent home for winter quarters. The
                           second battalion is subordinated to the Savolax division and takes winter quarters in Heinola.

28 November    The second battalion are sent to Joensu in Carelia.

1789

3 may                 One battalion are still in Carelia. The other battalion and the vargering battalion (reserve
      personnel) are sent to serve on the archipelago fleet.

Mid May             Two companies are deployed at Pelgijärvi in Carelia.

17 may               Two companies participate in the surprise attack on the superior Russian garrison at Ruskiala
      church in Russian Carelia. The attack fails, but due to the heavy losses, the Russians  
      abandons the post and pulls back to Sordavala.

June                   There are no info regarding any fighting in Carelia during the time for the Russian offensive
      on Savolax. The battalion in Carelia is redeployed to Jorois.

5 July                  The battalion are sent forward to Jokkas in order to scout the Russians and if possible, take control
      of the village. They arrive the next day, and the Russian garrison immediately evacuates the village.

16 August          Parts of the battalion takes part in the failed attack on Pumala.

30 October        The regiment are sent to winter quarters. One battalion are at home, the other one stays in Savolax.

1790

Winter                Parts of the regiment is stationed in Pirtimäki in order to watch the Russians in Pumala. The rest
                          
of the regiment (5 companies) spends the winter at home.

13 February      The vargering is sent to join the artillery

28 March           Those parts of the regiment that has been at home during the winter are sent to join General
                          
Armfelt in St Michel.

18 April             When Armfelt launches the attack on Suomenniemi, the unit marches with the main column.
                          
When the column reaches the village the fighting's are already over.

5 may                 Shortly after 2 am the Russian attacks the camp at Pirtimäki/Pumala. The battle rages the entire
                          
morning. At 4 am about 100 men from the Savolax regiment arrives as reinforcements. The
                          
surprise of these fresh troops showing up in the rear of the Russian front, gives the defenders a
                          
chance to launch a counter charge. The action is strong enough to force the Russians to
                          
abandon their operation and start to pull back to Pumala. At this moment the first parts of the
                          
Björneborg regiment arrives on the scene, and they are quickly sent to pursuit the retreating
                          
Russians

Mid May            The parts of the regiment that is stationed in Pirtimäki are sent to Suomenniemi. The regiment
                          
is once again united.

4 June               During General Armfelts attack on Savitapale the regiment is split between two of the three
                          
columns. The left column are sent to encircle the stronghold and to attack from south. Due to the
                          
rough terrain their advance is delayed, and when finally is in position, the general assault by
                          
the mid and right column has already been repelled. The left column returns to Kärnakoski.

                           The major part of the regiment joins the right column. They are sent by boats from Suomenniemi
                          
and are put ashore about 2½ km west of Savitapale, from where they are to launch the attack.
                          
The landing is carried out according to the plan, but the Russian jaegers who are sent out to
                          
meet the Swedes puts up such an effective defence that the column is unable to reach their
                          
target.

 

Hälsinge regemente

The regiment was allotted in approximately the same area as today's Gävleborgs county 

Colour m/1686 B introduced in  1760

Colour m/1766 introduced in  1813

      

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 1200 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788 

July             The regiment is transported to Helsingfors / Helsinki

3 August    A smaller part of the regiment participate in the landings at Brackila, near Fredrikshamn / Hamnia.

August       200 men are sent to Hangö for guard duty

October     The regiment marches to Åbo / Turku to be shipped home, but before the debarking they are
                   ordered back to the front. During these marches there are many men lost due to sickness and the cold.

Winter        Winter quarters at Nyby

1789

June           The second battalion is sent to Savolax to support the defenders at Porosalmi. However, they
                   arrive to late and are sent back to the former positions.

15 July       The whole regiment participate in the attack at Kiapias. The regiment serves as rear guard during
                   the Swedish  withdrawel.

18 July       The regiment serves as border guards at Anjala.

14 August  The regiment repels a strong Russian attempt to cross the river at Anjala.

October      Winter quarters at Nyby.

1790  

End of April     The regiment belongs to the left division.

28 April      The regiment is stationed in the village of Jala. They are now participating in the expedition on
                   
Valkiala. The expedition holds two purposes, first to ease some of the pressure put on Armfelt
                   
in Suomenniemi/Pardakoski, secondly to raid the Russian supply stores in Valkiala. After the force
                   
has crossed the Kymmene river, the regiment and some dragoons are sent to secure the bridge at
                   
Oravala.

6 may         After the Russian attack across the river at Anjala, the expedition is forced to retreat back to the
                   
Swedish side of the river. During the withdrawal from Valkiala, the regiment serves as rear guard.
                   
During the retreat they are put under serious attacks and suffers some heavy casualties. They are
                   
the last unit to cross the bridge at         Jokkila/Mattila before it is destroyed. After the retreat they
                   
join the main force in Keltis, from where thee moves to Willikala and Elimä.

10 may      The regiment is ordered to march from Elimä to Ninimäki to strengthen the defence on the
                   
northern flank.

17 may      The regiment is in Ninimäki. Mankell notes that the average strength of the Swedish battalions
                   
has dropped to 2-300 men. He also states that this fact has forced the commanders to start exercise
                   
on two lines instead of three just in order to maintain the length of the frontage. There is no notes on
                   
if the new exercise also included a more loose and open order of the line, or if they still used the old
                   
"shoulder to shoulder" formation.

19-20 may In the line up before the battle at the hills of Keltis, the battalions are lined up as no six and
                   
seven counting from the road. The battle is fought in the early morning hours of the 20th of may.
                   
After several hours of shootings, there is still no one close to get the upper hand. Finally the Swedish
                   
reserve manages to make a successful charge on the southern flank, and the Russians decide to
                    
pull back. The shortage of ammunition prevents the exhausted Swedes to make a pursuit.

                   After some rest the Swedes are on the move again. They takes control of Keltis and starts to repair the
                   
bridge at Nappo. On the 21st they reach Werälä just to find that the Russians have had the time to dig
                   
in. The defence are ruled to be too strong to attack. The regiment spends the rest of the war in Werälä
                   
guarding the Russians.

   The Helsinge freicorps and the regimental vargering (the regimental reserve battalion)

When the word came about the Danish attack in Bohuslän the peasantry of the provinces Gästrikland and Hälsingland decided to form a freicorps of 5000 men. The corps was only to be used for the defence of the county. Soon the corps was transformed to a  vergerings (reserve) battalion for the regular regiment. The battalion counted 600 men who were recruited and trained during the summer of 1789.

1789

August        Transported from Gävle to Hangö in Finland.

Autumn       Guards the coast of Nyland

1790    

March         Marches to St Mickel in Savolax

15 April      180 men are asigned to the "avant guard" during the attack on Suomenniemi. They supports the
                   
Dalvargeringens attack on Pardakoski and participates when the the russians are driven of the
                   
bridge. The russians retreat to Kärnakoski bat are also driven out of that area as well.

30 April      Before the expected Russian counter attack on Kärnakoski, the battalion is lined up on the brink
                   
south of the Kärnakoski bridge. The Russian centre charges across the frozen lake and
                   
threatens the back of the vargering. They falls in to an chaotic retreat, but when a battalion of
                   
the Jönköping regiment shows up, the vargering forms again and participate in a successful
                   
counter charge. 

May            The unit is posted at the island of Liansari to help protect the transports on the lake Saimen, and mainly
                    the communications between Kristina and St Mickel. Some of the men are doing service

                   
on board  of the gun sloops that patrols the area.

4 June        During the attack on Savitapale, the unit joins the right column. They are sent by boats from
                   
Suomenniemi and are put ashore about 2½ km west of Savitapale, from where they are to launch the
                   
attack. The landing is carried out according to the plan, but the Russian jaegers who are sent out to
                  
meet the Swedes puts up such an effective defence that the column is unable to reach their
                  
target.

                   The unit is disbanded after the war.

 

Älvsborgs regemente

The regiment was allotted in the south-western parts of the province of Västergötland.

Colour m/1766 introduced in  1771

      

Uniform m/1779 introduced in 1791. Meanwhile, the troops were ordered to change the old m/1765 uniform to a similar style.

Man power 1200 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

July                         One battalion is shipped to Helsingfors / Helsinki, Finland and are attached to the central
                              
division at Hussala. The other one was left at home to defend the western border. This battalion  
                              
should have been involved in the defence against the Danish / Norwegian invasion of Bohoslän,  
                              
but Mankell gives  no information on this matter.   

3 August                When the events at Anjala are known the King fears for his life and decide to leave the camp at
                              
Hussala.  As one of the few non-Finnish units on location the battalion are assigned as royal
                              
escort during his trip to Summa.

August                   Retreat from Summa to Högfors.

Winter                    The battalion is transferred to the left division and are given winter quarters between Artsjö  
                               
and Nyby.

1789

Spring                    600 men from the vargerings battalion (reserve) are called in to guard the Norwegian border.   

June                       The battalion in Finland deploys at Heinola to hold the gap between the main army and the
                              
Savolax brigade.

14 July                   The battalion takes part in the advance on Kaipias. On the 15 July they reach the village
                              
and engage in a fight with the defending Russian force. The defenders have a strong position
                              
and as the promised reinforcements from Liikaba doesn't show up the Swedes are forced to
                              
pull back to Kouvala.

17 July                   Under the threat from the Russian main army, the battalion are pulled back across the river to
                               Werälä.

8 August                The battalion repels a Russian attempt to cross the river at Werelä

Mid august            The second battalion are shipped to Finland.

31 August             One battalion are deployed at Anjala, the other one at Elimä

2 September        The battalion in Elimä are sent to enforce the defence at Hirvenkoski, but only a few days later
                               
they are sent to protect the costal areas around Lovisa.

Late September   One battalion are sent to St Mickel to support the right flank of the Savolax brigade.

6 October              The battalion in Savolax takes part in the "demonstration of power" in Suomenniemi.

30 October            One battalion are part of the left division and are sent to winter quarters in the area of Nyby.  
                               
The other battalion takes quarters in Savolax.

1790

Early April              The two battalions are still separated, one in Savolax and the other one under  the command
                               
of the left division of the main army.

End of April           The battalion in Savolax participate in the advance on Soumenniemi and the straits of
                               
Parda- Kärnakoski. They see no action during that operation. Later the battalion is sent to
                               
Parkumäki, Pumala as reinforcements. Here they participate in the repelling of the Russian
                               
assault on the 5th of may.

28 April                   The battalion with the left division takes part in the expedition on Valkiala. One purpose is to
                               
ease the pressure on Armfelt at Pardakoski, the other is to raid the Russian depot in Valkiala.
                               
Together with a battalion from the Kronobergs regiment they cross the newly constructed
                               
bridge and then drives the russian defenders out of Ukkola. When that mission is completed
                               
the Älvsborgs battalion is detached to serve as as flank guard in Antilla while the main force
                               
moves on towards Valkiala.

5 may                      As the Russians open up an offensive in the Anjala area, the battalion in Antilla is ordered to
                               
pull back to Nyby depot on the Swedish side of the river.

6 May                     The battalion are operating between Elimä and Wilikala to prevent the Russian expansion in
                               
the area.

17 may                   The battalion with the left division is ordered back to Ninimäki. Their strength is reported to
                               
have decreased to some were about 2-300 men.

19 may                   Before the battle at the hills of Keltis (Keltis backar) the battalion lines up as the third counting
                               
from the road. The battle is fought in the early morning of the 20th may and evolves to an
                               
intensive exchange of musket fire. No one manages to get the upper hand, until several hours
                               
in to the battle when the Swedish reserve manages to get around the Russian southern flank and
                               
capture their artillery. The Russians starts to pull back but the Swedes are running out of
                               
ammunition and are unable to take up a pursuit.

20 May                   After the battle the Swedes rest and resupply. Later the same day they starts to follow the
                               
Russians. They recapture Keltis and restores the bridge at Nappo.

21 May                   The Swedes reaches Werälä were the Russians have made a halt. Soon they realise that the
                               
Russian position is to strong. They fortify their own position in order to prevent any new
                               
Russian attacks. Neither side will move for the rest of the war.

 

Västgöta-Dals regemente

The regiment was allotted in the province of Dalsland and in the western parts of Västergötland

Colour m/1761 introduced in 1766.

In 1804 the regiment received a colour with completely new look.

      

Uniform m/1779 introduced in 1791. Meanwhile, the troops were ordered to change the old m/1765 uniform to a similar style.

Man power 1200 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

July                    One battalion is shipped to Helsingfors / Helsinki, Finland. The other one was left at home to
                           defend the  western border. This battalion should have been involved in the defence against the
                           Danish / Norwegian invasion of Bohoslän, but Mankell gives no information on this matter
.

August               The battalion is sent to Hangö to defend the area from Russian landings. They spend the winter in
                          
the area.

1789

7 mars               The battalion in Finland are sent from Ekenäs to Hangö to help constructing the two coastal forts
                          
of Gustafsvärn and Gustaf Adolfs fäste.

Spring               Parts of the vargering are summoned due to the fear of a new attack across the Norwegian border.

Summer            The battalion belongs to the right (coastal) division. The second battalion arrive in the mid of august.

1 September    One battalion defends a coastal battery at Broby. The strong defence delays the Russian landing
                          
force long enough and the retreating Swedes can slip out of the trap. The Battalion are then
                          
withdrawn to Strömfors.

30 October       The regiment belongs to the central division and takes winter quarters in the are a of Artsjö and
                          
Elimä

1790

April                   Both battalion belongs to the central division and serves as border guards at Anjala.

3 May                The regiment is relived from the guard duty, but have to detach a reserve of 100 men at Korhois.

5 May                The Russians attacks across the river at Anjala and the defenders are shattered. The Detachment
                          
at Korhois "collects" some hundreds of the routing Swedes and covers their retreat. The weight of
                          
the Russian attack forces them back to Willikala. Meanwhile the main part of the regiment is
                          
summoned and participate in the advance towards Korhois.

6 May                At Korhois the regiment and 60 men from the Södermanland regiment takes a stand on the left
                          
side of the main road. During the second phase of the battle the Russians advance on the
                          
positions held by the regiment and puts them under a severe fire. The Regiment is ordered to
                          
make a counter attack, but the difficult terrain causes makes them loose their order and they
                          
has to return to their previous positions. Back there, reports tells that Russian troops has
                          
managed to encircle a lake on the Swedish left flank, so the whole force is pulled back to
                          
Willikala.

30 may              The regiment takes part in the fighting's at Korhois and Anjala when the Russians are
                          
forced back across the river. The regiment are stationed at Anjala until the end of the war.

10 may               Mankell tells that the regiment is reduced to the strength of a battalion. If that only refers to the
                          
actual numbers, or if it indicates that they actually were formed into a single battalion is not clear.

30 may               The regiment participate in the attack on Korhois and Anjala. The Russians are pushed back
                          
to the bridgehead in Anjala. They manages to hold on to the bridgehead and the two sides
                          
spends the rest of the war watching each other.

 

Savolax regemente

The regiment was allotted in the province of Savolax, but parts of Österbotten and Karelen (Carelia) were also included.

Colour m/1686 B introduced in  1747

A proposal from 1769 for a new colour. I have not found any notes on if any colours of this design was ever introduced.

      

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 954 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

The regiment formed the backbone of the Savolax brigade. The regiment saw actions on several locations in the area between Nyslott and Kristina.

1789

Early June       One company each are deployed at Kyro and Pumala. The remaining parts are deployed along
                         the roads to Nyslott.

13 June           Some 80 men that has managed to find their way back after the battle in Kyro, takes part in the
                         defence of Porosalmi.

22 June           The main body of the regiment are summoned in Jorois. The units that has been at Pumala gets
                         there by using boats.

5 July               Parts of the regiment are sent forward to Jokkas in order to scout the Russians and if possible,
                         take control of the village. They arrive the next day, and the Russian garrison immediately evacuates
                         the village.

16 august        The regiment takes part in the failed attempt to retake control of Pumala.

12 November The regiment are sent to winter quarters

1790

Spring             The regiment is posted in Pirtimäki to watch the Russians in Pumala. In late mars the regimental
                        
vargering is ordered to merge with the the two field battalions. Later one battalion is sent to
                        
St Michel to participate in the attack on Suomenniemi. 

30 April           The battalion under the command of Armfelt is put into quarters in Laamalansaari, close to
                        
Pardakoski. When the Swedes becomes aware of an Russian attack in the area the battalion
                        
is summoned to Pardakoski. Together with a battalion from the Jönköping regiment they defend
                        
the right flank. Their presence keeps the Russians from any other actions then the use of a
                        
cannon. When the Swedes moves forward and threaten to encircle the Russians they pull back.

5 may              Shortly after 0200 the Russians tries to surprise the Swedes in Pirtimäki. At 0400 some 100 men
                        
of the Savolax regiment that has been posted outside the main camp arrives and threaten the
                        
Russian rear. The defenders manages to use the confusion on the Russian side and launches a
                        
series of counter attacks. Finally the Russians give in and returns to Pumala.

 

Östgöta regemente

The regiment was allotted in approximately the same area as the province of Östergötland.

Colour m/1686 B introduced in 1751.

In 1791 the unit was reformed and renamed to the "rotehållsdivision" of the newly formed Life Grenadier regiment. The old colours were used until 1800 when colours of the same design as for the Lifeguard arrived (see the enlisted).

      

Uniform m/1779 introduced in 1791. Meanwhile, the troops were ordered to change the old m/1765 uniform to a similar style.

Man power 1200 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

June            The regiment is transported to Helsingfors / Helsinki.

July              At the end of the mouth they are marched to the border to participate in the attack on
                     Fredrikshamn / Hamnia. After the events at Anjala the advance is stopped an the regiment is
                     stationed at Kymmenegård.

October       Takes winter quarters at Nyby

1789

27 may        The regiment are deployed in the area of Keltis and Tavastehus

26 June       When the King open up his offensive, one battalion are stationed by the bridge at Kouvala, while the
                    
other follows the King to Uttismalm. During the battle, the battalion is deployed on the left flank, and
                    
by advancing behind the mountain that the Russian flak is resting on, and later gain control over an
                    
important hill, the Russians are forced to withdraw to Davidstad.

2-3 July        The battalion follows the king to Liikala and participate in that fight.

14 July         The battalion at the bridge at Kouvala takes part in the advance on Kaipias. On the 15 July they reach
                    
the village and engage in a fight with the defending Russian force. The defenders have a strong
                    
position and as the promised reinforcements from Liikaba doesn't show up the Swedes are forced to
                    
pull back to Kouvala.

17 July         When the Russian main army shows up in the area of Kouvala, the battalion at the bridge are pulled
                    
back across the river to Werälä.

21 July         The battalion at Werälä is sent to Ummeljoki. Meanwhile the other battalion that has been with the
                    
Swedish main force in Liikala retreats to Anjala. This battalion are the next day marched to Ummeljoki
                    
to repel the Russians that has crossed the river.

22 July         The regiment are posted at Werelä

Winter          The regiment belongs to the left division and takes winter quarters at Nyby

1790

28 April        The Regiment takes part in the expedition on Valkiala. One purpose is to ease the pressure on
                    
Armfelt at Pardakoski, the other is to raid the Russian depot in Valkiala.
                               

29 April        The regiment forms the reserve during the battle at Walkiala. The second battalion is sent to reinforce
                    
the left flank when the Russians tries a counter attack. The first battalion participate in the attack on
                    
the village.

5 may           When the Russians open up their actions in the area of Anjala and Hirfvenkoski, the units in Walkiala
                    
are sent to Ummeljokki on the Swedish side in order to halt the Russian advance on Keltis.

10 may        The regiment is summoned in Elimä.

12 may        The regiment is sent to Ninimäki, along the road from the city of Tavastehus and the border.

19 may        Before the battle at the hills of Keltis (Keltis backar) one battalion lines up as the second counting
                     
from the road. The other battalion is deployed on the south side of the road, facing some Russian
                    
jaegers. The battle is fought in the early morning of the 20th may and evolves to an intensive exchange
                    
of musket fire. No one manages to get the upper hand, until several hours in to the battle when the
                    
battalion south of the road, now reinforced by the Swedish reserve manages to get  around the
                    
Russian southern flank and capture their artillery. The Russians starts to pull back but the Swedes are
                    
running out of ammunition and are unable to take up a pursuit.

20 May        After the battle the Swedes rest and re-supply. Later the same day they starts to follow the Russians.
                    
They recapture Keltis and restores the bridge at Nappo.

21 May        The Swedes reaches Werälä were the Russians have made a halt. Soon they realise that the Russian
                    
position is to strong. They fortify their own position in order to prevent any new Russian attacks.
                    
Neither side will move for the rest of the war.

 

Västmanlands regemente

The regiment was allotted in approximately the same area as today's Västmanlands county.

  Colour m/1766 introduced in 1773

      

Uniform m/1779 introduced in 1791. Meanwhile, the troops were ordered to change the old m/1765 uniform to a similar style.

Man power 1200 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

June          The regiment is transported to Helsingfors / Helsinki.

3 August   Takes part in the landings at Brackila, east of Fredrikshamn / Hamnia.

16 August Guards the border at Strömfors.

Winter       Assigned to the central division and takes quarters at Elimä.

1789    

Spring        Parts of the vargering are summoned due to the fear of a new attack across the Norwegian border.

27 may       The regiment stands in the area of Anjala and Elimä

28 June     Crosses the Kymmene river at Werelä. One battalion are posted to hold the bridge, while the other
                   one follow the King towards Uttismalm.

28 June     One Battalion participate in the actions at Uttismalm. The battalion engage the Russian main force,
                   thus enabling the other Swedes to move around the Russian flanks.

3 July         The battalion participate in the fight at Liikala.

14 July       The battalion is sent as reinforcement to Kaipias, but gets engaged in combat at Enjärvi. The battalion
                   is ordered to return to Liikala.

21 July       The regiment pulls back to the Swedish side of the river.

8 August    One battalion participate in rejecting a Russian attempt to cross the river at Anjala.

Winter        The regiment belongs to the central division. It is sent to winter quarters in the area of Artsjö.

1790    

End of April Both battalions belongs to the central division.

28 April       Both battalion takes part in the expedition on Valkiala. One purpose is to ease the pressure on
                    
Armfelt at Pardakoski, the other is to raid the Russian depot in Valkiala.

29 April       The regiment plays an distinctive role in the victory at Walkiala. The first battalion is deployed on the
                     left flank and together with the Kronobergs regiment, they performs  a decisive charge. The second

                   
 battalion, that is deployed on the extreme right flank, makes a similar decisive attack there.

5 may          When the Russians open up their actions in the area of Anjala and Hirfvenkoski, the units in Walkiala
                    
are sent to Ummeljokki on the Swedish side in order to halt the Russian advance on Keltis.

6 may          The regiment is sent to Willikala.

10 may        One battalion is sent half the way  towards Werälä in order to scout out the Russian positions there.
                   
  Meanwhile, the other battalion is stationed in Elimä.

17 may        The battalion in Elimä is sent forward to Willikala.

20 may        The battalion that is stationed along the road close to Werälä have been ordered to join the main force
                   
 for the battle of Keltis. As the battalion advances on Keltis from the south they encounter a superior
                   
 Russian force at the Nappo bridge. The battalion is forced to retreat back to their initial positions. The
                   
 Russian force is likely the ones  that just have been driven back from Keltis.

30 may        The battalion in Willikala participate in the counter attack on Korhois and Anjala. The Russians are
                   
  forced back to the bridgehead in Anjala, but the Swedes is not strong enough to dare an assault.

End of June The regiment is summoned in Anjala.

August          The regiment is moved to Werälä.

 

Västerbottens regemente

The regiment was allotted in provinces of Västerbotten and Norrbotten.

 Colour m/1686 B introduced in 1758

Colour m/1766 introduced in 1812

      

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 1056 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

September     Arrives to Anjala.

Winter             Takes winter quarters in the area between Tavastehus and Keltis.

1789

28 June           Takes part in the actions at Uttismalm. Together with the Västmanlands regiment the y move around
                         the Russians right flank, and after some intensive fighting's the Russians are forced back.

1 July               The regiment follows the king to Liikala

21 July             Pulls back across the river at Anjala.

22 July             One battalion stays at Anjala while the other is sent to face the Russians that has crossed the river
                         at Ummeljoki and Werälä. The Russians pulls back without any fight.

29 July             One battalion gets engaged in combat with some Russians trying to cross the river at Werelä.

31 august        The both battalions are in Anjala

Winter              The regiment is assigned to the costal division and takes winter quarters in Lovisa.

1790

5 may               The regiment is summoned in Wilikala as the news of the Russian attacks in Anjala and Hirvenkoski
                        
arrives. Later the same day the two battalions are sent as a part of the force that advances along
                        
the road to Anjala and Korhois.

6 may               In Korhois the regiment is deployed on the south side of the road. They are accompanied by the
                        
remains of the Dowagers Queens lifeguards and the Mejerfelts freicorps. Together they repel the
                        
first Russian charge. The Russians then tries to encircle the flank. Later in the battle, when the
                        
Russian side manages to push the Swedes back on the other flank, a general retreat to Wilikala
                        
is ordered.

10 may            The regiment is reorganised into one single battalion.

30 may            The regiment participate in the counter offensive on Korhois and Anjala. The Russians are
                      
  forced back to the bridgehead in Anjala, but the Swedes is not strong enough to dare an assault.

End of July      The king and the entire Swedish navy that has spent several weeks locked into the bay of Viborg
                        
finally manages to break out and retreat towards Swedish territory. The command fears of Russian
                        
landings in the back of the forces at Högfors, so the regiment is sent to take up positions in the
                        
area of Broby and Kvarnby.

 

 

Kalmar regemente

The regiment was allotted in approximately the same area as today's Kalmar county 

Colour introduced in 1764

Colour m/1766 introduced in 1813

      

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 1100 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

The regiment were serving onboard the Navy during the whole war. The personnel participated in the following naval battles:

1788    

17 July            The battle at Hogland

1789    

26 July            The battle at Öland

1790    

13 May            The battle at Reval (Tallinn)

3-4 June          The battle at Kronstadt

3 July               The break out from the blockade at Viborg

 

Nylands regemente

The regiment was allotted in the province of Nyland and the southern parts of Tavastland.

 Colour m/1766 introduced in  1772

      

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 1025 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788 

12 June                 The first battalion arrives to Elimä.

23 June                 The first battalion is deployed at Lilla Abborrfors while the second is put as garrison at the
                               fort Svartholmen.

12 July                   The first battalion takes part in the advance along the costal road.

17 July                   The first battalion reaches Summa.

19 July                   The battalion at Summa takes part in the action when a Russian attack is repelled.

10 august              The first battalion is deployed at Kymmenegård / Högfors

1 September        The battalion at Högfors participate when a Russian attempt to cross the bridge is repelled.

25 September     The entire Swedish army evacuates the Russian part of Finland.

20 October           The first battalion (?) forms together with the Svartholmen garrison one battalion under the
                               coastal division, while the other battalion is sent home for winter quarters.

1789

3 May                  One of the regular battalion and the vargerings battalion are sent to serve on the archipelago
                            
fleet. It seems like they have spent the whole campaign on board.

22 June               The remaining battalion boards the archipelago fleet at Svartholmen.

26 June               The battalion are put ashore in the back of the Russian defenders at Abborrfors. From here on
                            
they follows the costal division.

19 July                 They takes part in the royal reconnaissance expedition towards Fredrikshamn. The force are
                            
withdrawn to Högfors after some fighting's at Saxala.

24 August           The archipelago fleet are defeated in the first battle of Svensksund. A large number of the
                            
participants comes from the regiment.

2 September      Due to the Russian offensive along the coast, the battalion at Högfors is pulled back to Abborfors.

30 October         The whole regiment are sent home for winter quarters

1790

13 February        The regiment is transferred to the newly formed Karelian brigade.

18 February        The vargering of the regiment is sent to the archipelago fleet.

April                     The Karelian brigade is summoned in Tomajärvi. Due to shortages of supply, mainly food, they
                            
are un able to perform the offensive missions that the king had ordered.

June                     The Karelian brigade is ordered to redeploy to St Michel in Savolax. They arrive at the end of
                            
the month and are sent to Suomenniemi to strengthen the positions held by Armfelt.

 

Närke-Värmlands regemente

The regiment was allotted in area of today's Örebro county and Värmlands county.

Colour m/1766 introduced in 1767

In 1812 the regiment was split into Värmlands regiment and Närke regiment. The Närke regiment maintained the basic design but the red and white fields were reversed.

The Värmland regiment recived colours of a completely new design.

      

Uniform m/1779 introduced in 1791. Meanwhile, the troops were ordered to change the old m/1765 uniform to a similar style.

Man power 1674 numbers
Number of companies 10 Companies (The only alotted regiment with three battalions)
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788    

July                     Two of he battalions are kept at home in case of any Danish activities while the third battalion is
                           shipped to Helsingfors / Helsinki. They are then marched to the border at Pyttis.

September        When the Danish attacks from Norway, the two remaining battalions are mobilised. Some companies
                           are sent to the Norwegian border, the rest are marched to Gothenburg. These battalions sees no
                           fighting's of any importance

1789

25 June             The battalion in Finland is moved to Svartholmen, were they embark the archipelago fleet.

26 June             The battalion embarks at Pyttis to put pressure on the Russian defenders at Abborfors.

7 July                 The battalion joins the rest of the costal division at Kuppis.

18 July               They participate in the operations that leads to the capture of the bridges between the island of
                           Pyttis, Kymmenegård and Högfors

21 July               The battalion is sent to Anjala-Ummeljoki to reinforce the central front. already on the 22nd they
                           are sent to meet the Russian force that has crossed the river at Ummeljoki. The Russians
                           withdraws without any fight, and soon after the battalion is sent back to Kymmenegård again.

14 August         The battalion is sent to Anjala and participate in the fighting's.

September       The remaining two battalions arrives to Finland and the united regiment guards the coast of Nyland
                           (southern Finland).

30 September  100 men takes part in the attack on the Russian stronghold at the island of Elgsö.

October             The regiment is moved to Savolax and takes winter quarters in the vicinity of St Mickel.

1790    

Mars                  The first battalion is sent to Savolax, so from now on the entire regiment is under the command of
                           
General Armfelt in St Mickel.

April                   The regiment takes part in the assault on Pardakoski, Kärnakoski and Suomenniemi but plays
                           
no major role.

30 April              Before the Russian counter attack on Pardakoski and Kärnakoski, one company and some
                           
artillery deploys by the Kärnakoski bridge. Here they repel an attack from some Russian jaegers.
                           
During the later part of the battle the company manages to make a raid across the bridge and
                           
captures two Russian cannons.

                           The first and second battalion is deployed on the ridge just to the north of Pardakoski. They takes
                           
some serious casualties but manages to repel two Russian charges. The third battalion who has
                           
been deployed in Suomenniemi arrives to the scene too late to see any actions.

4 June               Two battalions participate in the attack on Savitapale. One battalion of the regiment, the
                           
Dahlvargering battalion and 40 jaegers forms the middle column. The column manages to
                           
capture their first objective, but then general Armfelt decides to start the assault on the
                           
Sapvitapale fort without the support of the other two columns. As the defenders can concentrate
                           
their defensive fire on the column, they takes severe casualties and retreats back to Kärnakoski.

                           The second battalion belongs to the left column and has the the mission to attack the fort from the
                           
south. Their advance is delayed and when they finally arrives to their position, the main charge
                           
has already been beaten back. The column turns back again without any fighting's.

 

Österbottens regemente

The regiment was allotted in the costal area of the province of Österbotten.

Colour m/1686 B introduced in  1744.

      

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 1200 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788

Spring          The regiment spends the winter and spring as labours at the castle of Sveaborg

26 July          The regiment embarks the archipelago fleet and are shipped towards Fredrikshamn (Hamnia).

3 august       The regiment takes part in the landings at Brackila and moves from the east to on Fredrikshamn.
                      The operation is however abandoned the day after and the troops embarks the ships again.

20 October  100 men are stationed at Tavastehus while the rest is sent home.

1789

14 June        The regiment is on a rapid march towards Porosalmi. When the regiment shows up, the Russians
                      
gives up the assaults. The regiment joins the defenders but sees no action this day. When Porosalmi
                      
finally is evacuated, the regiment follows the Savolax brigade in the retreat to Jorois.

21 July          One battalion takes part in the attack at Parkumäki. They are halted by the heavy fire from the
                      
defenders, but thanks to the success in the assault of the Björneborgarers on the right flank, they can
                      
move on and finish the conquest.

22 July          The battalion that has been at Parkumäki reaches the straits of Laitasilta, just across Nyslott.

16 august     The other battalion takes part in the failed attempt to retake Pumala.

6 October     Parts of the regiment participate in the "demonstration of power" at Suomenniemi.

9 October     The battalion at Laitasilta can together with the Björneborgers,  after some severe fighting's, repel
                      
a Russian attempt to retake the straits.

30 October   The entire regiment takes winter quarters in Savolax.

1790

The regiment is deployed to defend the crossings at Kallislaks/Nyslott. Mankell provides no information of any actions on that location, and no information that indicates that the regiment were engaged in any other operations.

 

Jämtlands regemente

The regiment was allotted in today's Jämtlands county, excluding Härjedalen. 

Colour m/1686 B introduced in 1736

Colour m/1766 introduced in 1814

      

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 1048 numbers
Number of companies 8 Companies
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

1788              The regiment is mobilised to watch the Danish/Norwegian border. I have no notes about any fighting's.

1789

September    The regiment is transferred to Finland and serves as costal defence in Nyland.

October         The regiment is transported to the central division and takes winter quarters at Peipola.

1790

End of April   Both battalions are under the command of the central division.

5 maj              Parts of the regiment are summoned to Willikala when the news of the Russian attacks at Anjala
                      
and Hirvenkoski arrives to the headquarter.

This is the last note in Mankells book where the Jämtland regiment is mentioned. Instead a unit referred to as the Jämtlands jaegers pop's up. There can be several explanations on this. He may refer to the dragoon company that often are mentioned as the "Horse jaegers". He may also refer to a smaller Jaeger unit reqruited from the parent regiment. Finally it's possible that Mankell has been slightly "uncareful" when writing the book. At that time (mid 19th century) the regiment had been officially renamed to "The field jaeger corps".

If I have to guess, I would go for a fourth explanation. In the1770's this regiment was transformed into a light unit along the same ideas as the units in Savolax. These light units were more and more often referred to as jaegers. My guess is that Mankell has been true to his sources and that " The Jämtlands Jaegers" are identical to "The Jämtland regiment".

5 may             The regiment takes part in the expedition to Hirvenkoski.

6 may             During the engagement at Hirvenkoski, the regiment deploys in the Swedish village to protect the
                       
flank of the Dalregiment.

7 may              In the light of the Russian victory at Korhois, the entire force in Hirvenkoski is pulled back to
                       
Tavastby.

11 may           The regiment is sent to Haavisto.

3 June            Once again the regiment is back in Hirvenkoski. The Russian force evacuates the village and
                        
the Swedes manages to cross the river and occupies the Russian village as well. Later the regiment
                        
advances along the road towards Broby. 

1 august         In order to defend the coast the regiment joins the Västerbottens regiment in the area of Broby and
                       
Kvarnby.

 

Kymmenegårds bataljon (former Viborgs regemente)

Due to the peace in1721 the allotting area for the regiment were reduced, and the unit were reduced to a battalion and also renamed. In 1744 the area was even more reduced, and the battalion had only a small part of the Elimä company left. The unit was still preserved as a battalion until 1791 when the unit was merged into the newly founded Nylands rifle battalion.

The battalion was allotted in the costal areas area between the river of Kymmene and the province of Nyland 

A picture dated 1728 display this colour. I don't know if it were ever used. The Viborgs regemente carried the arm of Carelia, two arms with swords facing each others (see the Karelian dragoons) .  The loss of territory is probably the reason for a colour with only half of the Carelian arm.

      

Uniform m/1779. I have no info about the time of the introduction

Man power 92 numbers
Number of companies 1 company
Activities during the 1788-90 war:

The activities of this unit is a bit tricky to trace in Mankells book. In some case they are refered to as the "Kymmenegårds battalion" in some case as "Elimä" or "Kymmenegårds jägare" (=rifles). Later on they are also associated to "Enehjelms and Kraemers  jägarkår" (rifle corps). My personal theory is that there was only the alloted company  (the rifles) that participated in this campaign. The Vargering (the reserve unit) might have stayed as guards on swedish soil.

1788

23 juni                 The battalion, including the vargering is summoned at Lilla Abborrfors

17 juli                  The Kynnenegårds rifles crosses the border at Anjala and capture Liikala.

22 juli                  64 men takes part in the advance to Hussala

1 augusti            The rifles are sent to encircle Fredrikshamn (Hamnia) and to make contact with the force that is
                            supposed to make a landing future east at Brackila. After a minor battle with some Russian
                            jaegers they get the message that no landing force is on the way, the battalion is pulled back
                            to Hussala.

10 augusti          The Kymmenegårds rifles are stationed at Kymmenegård / Högfors

25 september    The entire swedish army is pulled out of the Russian Finland

20 oktober         The rifles are a part of the left division.

1789

27 may               Kymmenegårds company is mentioned as posted along the coastal road. There are no further
                            references to this unit.

As a part of the Kraemers jägarkår:

28 June              The corps are sent across the river to take control of Walkiala

14 July                The corps is a part of the force that are sent to Kaipias. On the 15th they engage the defending
                            Russians, but the defence is too strong and the expected reinforcement from Liikala doesn't
                            show up, so the attackers are forced to retreat to Kouvala.

17 July                Facing the main Russian army, the corps are pulled back to Werälä on the other side of the river

21 July                When the Russian forces crosses the river at Werälä, the corps are pulled back towards Ummeljoki.
                            When the reinforcements shows up, the corps can retake the old positions in Werälä.

August                There are rumours about a Russian attack across the river at Anjala, so the corps are sent there
                            to strengthen the defence. They will be stationed here for the rest of the campaign.

30 October         The corps belongs to the central division and takes winter quarters at Artsjö and Elimä

1790

6 may                  The battalion accompanies a battalion of the Kronobergs regiment in the defence of the bridge
                           
 in Nappo.

9 may                  An additional Russian force crosses the river at Ummeljokki. These forces the units by the bridge
                           
 to withdraw to Keltis and later Ninimäki.

This is the last note Mankell has on this small unit. It's possible that the unit were merged into one of the larger units at Ninimäki, and that the personnel participated in the battle of Keltis with their new unit. If anyone knows, please enlighten me.

 

Kajana bataljon, Kajana jägarbataljon, Kajana brigad

(The Kajana battalion, the Kajana jaeger battalion and the Kajana brigade)

 

Uniform:

Gray jackets with blue turn backs, piping and collar. Long pants. No info regarding the looks of the hats. 

Colour

A colour was introduced in 1799 but its appearance is unknown. The drawings below are jut there to tickle your imagination...

The population of the eastern parts of the province of Österbotten had as early as 1680 agreed to raise 150 men to defend their home area. This unit is often referred to as the Kajana border- and lantwehr company. In April 1788 the king Gustav III decided to agree to a proposal from the governor in the Uleåborg county, suggesting that the Kajana border- and lantwehr company should be expanded to a battalion of 300 men. The battalion was to be subordinated to the Österbottens regemente. Very soon an agreement was reached with the peasantry in the area. They agreed to allot 94 men in Paltamo, 120 men in Sotkano and 93 men in Hyrynsalmi, a total of 307 men. Alongside the allotted battalion a lantwehr of 300 men was to be recruited.

In the summer of 1789 another agreement was reached with the peasantry in Kuusamo and the Kemijärvi area to form a "ski rifle company". The company was to have 3 drummers, 47 soldiers and 54 rifle men, in all 107 men. From the autumn of 1789 the units in the northern and eastern Österbotten is referred to as the Kajana infantry battalion and the Kajana Jaeger battalion.

The battalions had three companies each, and then there were the more loosely attached Kuusamo company up in the far north. It is however pointed out by Aminoff that this was more a administrative way of describing the situation. The jaegers were never organised in a battalion, and he also points out that the "jaegers" designation were rather misleading on a pure lantwehr unit.  

The raising of these poorly trained units was not in vain. The mere fact that they existed had a cooling effect on the Russian activities in these areas. No major Russian activities were reported during any of the three war seasons. The only reports regards some minor raids on border postings.

In spring 1790 the Kajana brigade marched south. The brigade vas formed by Kajana infantry battalion, the newly formed Uleåborgs light infantry regiment (see auxiliary units) and a small artillery detachment of eight 3 pounders. The prospect of having the border undefended caused some major disturbance in the Kajana area, and there were reports of mutiny in the Sotkamo company. The situation was calmed down when the Jaeger battalion and the Kuusamo company were ordered to stay behind.  At first the brigade headed to Karelia to reinforce the Karelian brigade. The march continued to Savolax and finally ended by the main army at Kymmene. There are no reports of that the brigade was ever engaged in any battles.

In 1799 the battalion was reduced to 150 allotted riflemen and the lantwehr was cancelled. The battalion now held 172 numbers, 157 in Kajana and 15 in the Kemijärvi area.

Norra och Södra Skånska roteringsregementet ( The Northern and Southern Scanian infantry regiments)

The loss of Finland in 1809 left the Swedish army desperately low on units and manpower. Up til now the former Danish province of Scania had only carried the burden of two cavalry regiments, but now they were considered loyal enough to also be able to provide two infantry regiments.

Colours:

In 1813 the two regiments each received four colours that had originally been produced for the Adlercreutz enlisted regiment in Finland. The colours was never delivered, instead they was modified for the two new units. The small shield, held by the the lion, was painted yellow and blue and carried the Scanian red head of a griffon (the same pattern as on the standard of the Southern Scanian cavalry regiment.) Both regiments carried identical colours.

Wasa regemente (The Wasa regiment)

The population growth in Finland allowed the army to raise the allotted units by nearly 2 000 men. When the war of 1808-09 started the work had just begun, but the only substantial effect was the 800 men that had just been recruited for the new Wasa regiment. However the men was not yet trained and no officers was assigned yet.  

Colour:

It is not likely that any colour had been designed for this unit, but just to tickle your imagination I will present two of my personal ideas...

Allotted cavalry

Enlisted units

Auxiliary units

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